360° Video virtual reality exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety: A randomized controlled trial

Reeves, Rachel; Elliott, Adam; Curran, David; Dyer, Kevin; Hanna, Donncha

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102451

Cited by 50 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Dedicated devices were used to record 360° videos: Samsung 360-degree cameras equipped with bright f2.0 Lens (Appel et al, 2020;Ashmore et al, 2019), VUZE 360 stereoscopic camera (Evans et al, 2020), GoPro Fusion 360° camera (Coelho et al, 2020), or SP 360° 4K VR Cameras mounted on a tripod (Reeves et al, 2021), and the created videos were post-processed using the package iMovie v10.1.2 (Apple Inc, Ashmore et al, 2019). Different equipment was employed across the interventions, to facilitate the delivery of the immersive experience for the participants: Samsung Gear VR headsets (Appel et al, 2020, Ashmore et al, 201,9 Lindner et al, 2019Tabbaa et al, 2019;Reeves et al, 2021;Veling et al, 2021), Z4 mini-headset (BoboVR; Ashmore et al, 2019;Holmberg et al, 2020), Oculus Go headset (Evans et al, 2020), Oculus Rift VR headset with or without integrated audio system (Hussain, 2018;Coelho et al, 2020;Malihi et al, 2020), Limbix VR headset (Paul et al, 2020), Google Cardboard headset (Ashmore et al, 2019;Lindner et al, 2019), Sennheiser HD 221 headphones to render the sound and to reduce the surrounding acoustic 3 Lundström and Fernaeus (2019) environment (Appel et al, 2020;Veling et al, 2021), and a dictaphone to interview the participants.…”

Section: Methodological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the adults with psychopathological symptoms, 70% were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, 17% had depressive symptoms, 5% had psychotic disorders, 8% had bipolar disorder, and one patient had a somatic condition (Evans et al, 2020). Of the participants with anxiety disorders, 10% had agoraphobia (Lundstrom & Fernaeus, 2019), and 79% were diagnosed with SAD (Holmberg et al, 2020), among which 13% had comorbid PTSD (Nason et al, 2020), and 78% had public speaking anxiety (Lindner et al, 2019, Reeves et al, 2021. Among the elderly participants, 71% were evaluated with varying levels of cognitive and/ or physical impairment (Appel et al, 2020), whereas 18% were diagnosed with different levels of dementia (Tabbaa et al, 2019).…”

Section: Intervention and Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies evaluated the immersive experience, but the quality of the measurement tools was again heterogeneous with semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and observations. Studies that documented the instruments used to measure the immersive experience included Reeves et al (2021), who measured spatial presence, involvement, and realness with the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ; Schubert et al, 2001), and Malihi et al (2020), who used the negative effects subscale of the Independent Television Commission-Sense of Presence Inventory (Lessiter et al, 2001) and a 39-question self-report for spatial presence, engagement, ecological validity/naturalness, and negative effects (Newbutt et al, 2016, Wallace et al, 2017. In addition, the Simulation Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ; Kennedy et al, 1993) was used Almost all the studies set out to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of immersive 360° videos.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A summary of the measurements and results in each of the reviewed studies is presented in Table 3. All interventional studies reported positive clinical outcomes, including increased positive affectivity (PA), decreased negative affectivity (NA) (Evans et al, 2020, Veling et al, 2021, reduced depressive symptoms (Paul et al, 2020), and reduced anxiety in preparation for an awake MRI analysis (Ashmore et al, 2019) or for public speaking (Lindner et al, 2019;Reeves et al, 2021). The only exception was the study of Coelho et al (2020), where no significant differences were found between the pre-and postmeasurements, in terms of behavioral symptomatology and quality of life.…”

Section: Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effect Sizes Only 5 out of 14 studies provided effect sizes, which were medium to large. Four studies measured direct intervention effects on reducing anxiety (Lindner et al, 2019;Reeves et al, 2021) and NA (Evans et al, 2020, Veling et al, 2021. The other one measured the extent to which anxiety was triggered by the intervention (Malihi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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360° Videos for Immersive Mental Health Interventions: a Systematic Review

Ionescu¹,

Daele

Rizzo

et al. 2021

J. technol. behav. sci.

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Virtual reality is increasingly recognized as a powerful method for clinical interventions in the mental health field, but has yet to achieve mainstream adoption in routine mental healthcare settings. A similar, yet slightly different technology, immersive 360° videos might have the potential to cover this gap, by requiring both lower costs and less technical skills to construct and operate such virtual environments. This systematic review therefore aims to identify, evaluate, and summarize mental health interventions using immersive 360° videos to support an understanding of their implementation in daily clinical practice. The quality of the 14 selected studies was evaluated using a critical appraisal tool, addressing populations with clinical levels of psychopathological symptoms, somatic conditions associated with psychological implications, and other at-risk groups. Immersive 360° videos successfully increased users’ feelings of presence, given their realistic features, and therefore yielded positive outcomes in clinical interventions where presence is considered as an essential precondition. Because the technical skills required to create immersive 360° video footage are fairly limited, most of the interventions using this approach have been created by mental health researchers or clinicians themselves. Immersive 360° videos are still in an early phase of implementation as a tool for clinical interventions for mental health, resulting in high heterogeneity in focus, procedures, and research designs. An important next step for making use of this technology may therefore involve the creation of standardized procedures, as a means to increase the quality of research and evidence-based interventions.

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Section: Methodological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intervention and Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

360° Videos for Immersive Mental Health Interventions: a Systematic Review

Ionescu¹,

Daele

Rizzo

et al. 2021

J. technol. behav. sci.

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Acoustic characteristics of voice production in virtual reality-simulated and physical environments: a comparative study in university professors

Rodríguez,

Borrego,

Guzmán

et al. 2024

Virtual Reality

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This study investigated the reliability of a virtual reality-simulated classroom to generate a comparable self-perception of voice quality and acoustic effects of phonation to a real classroom in a group of teachers, and sense of presence. Thirty university professors participated in the study and were required to produce loud connected speech by reading a 100-word text in two conditions: (1) in a real classroom including a group of students, and (2) in a virtual replica of the classroom consisting of a 360-degree video of the same classroom and students, which was displayed using a head mounted display. Ambient noise was controlled in both conditions by playing classroom noise through headphones. The self-perception of voice quality, the long-term average spectrum and smooth cepstral peak prominence were estimated in both conditions. The sense of presence generated by virtual reality was measured after interacting with the virtual classroom. There were no statistically significant differences in the self-perception of voice quality or in the acoustic measures of voice production between conditions. The sense of presence in the virtual classroom was high. Our findings suggest that a virtual reality-simulated classroom generate comparable self-perception of voice quality and acoustic effects of phonation to the real classroom, and a high sense of presence, in a group of teachers. Additionally, it is important to highlight the potential of virtual reality to enhance the ecological validity of acoustic assessment of voice production in laboratories and clinical settings.

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Multimodal Remote Research on Social Anxiety Using a New Teleconferencing Paradigm

et al. 2023

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Background Social anxiety is a prevalent mental health concern. Models of social anxiety incorporate multifaceted components from cognitive appraisals to attention as factors maintaining the disorder. Multimodal research investigating multiple facets of social anxiety simultaneously offers an important avenue to advance our understanding of the disorder. Methods The current study tested a novel, internet-based simulated teleconferencing interaction social stressor challenge and included the collection of self-report, eye-tracking, and auditory vocal data during the challenge. Participants (N = 262) completed two interactions. The pre-recorded male and female audience members (assigned to display interest or uninterest) discussed a topic and then prompted the participant to speak on that topic. Results Fidelity indices revealed that most participants rated the interactions with the simulated audience as realistic; reported heightened subjective distress during the simulated teleconferencing interactions; and correctly rated audience members’ level of interest. As predicted, social anxiety predicted participants’ subjective distress during the simulated teleconferencing interactions. Findings from audio vocal and eye tracking analyses largely corresponded to prior research – indicating that social anxiety influences audio vocal responses and patterns of attention during social stressors. Conclusions Taken together, these findings suggest that the simulated teleconferencing interaction framework introduced here offers a potentially useful approach for the remote investigation of mechanisms underpinning social anxiety.

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360° Video virtual reality exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety: A randomized controlled trial

Cited by 50 publications

References 69 publications

360° Videos for Immersive Mental Health Interventions: a Systematic Review

360° Videos for Immersive Mental Health Interventions: a Systematic Review

Acoustic characteristics of voice production in virtual reality-simulated and physical environments: a comparative study in university professors

Multimodal Remote Research on Social Anxiety Using a New Teleconferencing Paradigm

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