Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 (GBE50) Ameliorates Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Injury in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Li, Liu; Yang, Li; Yang, Feng; Zhao, Xin-Lan; Xue, Sheng-Jiang; Gong, Fanghua

doi:10.2147/jir.s302934

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Hepatic steatosis is promoted by the abnormal deposition of saturated FAs, such as CHO and TG, and the constant accumulation of saturated FAs promotes the progression of liver inflammation and NAFLD. ALT and AST are important markers for evaluating liver damage, and ALT is a more specific marker of hepatic injury than AST [24][25][26]. We found that TG and ALT levels in the control group were significantly higher than that in the WKY group at the beginning of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

YNCRG Alleviated Hepatic Steatosis in Metabolic Syndrome Model Rats by Improving Lipid Metabolism and Chronic Inflammatory Reaction

Sun¹,

Kudo²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2021

OBM ICM

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YNCRG is a combination of five traditional Chinese ingredients with medicinal properties. We studied its effects and mechanism of action on a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver with metabolic syndrome. Eight-week-old male SHRcp rat(s) and Wister Kyoto (WKY) rats were adaptively fed for one week, after which they were randomly divided into three groups, including the control group (n = 9), the YNCRG group (n = 8), and the WKY group (n = 8). The WKY group could freely consume water, the control group was provided water every day, and the YNCRG group was gavaged with an aqueous solution of YNCRG (3.6 g/kg body weight/day) for eight weeks. After eight weeks of intervention, YNCRG effectively reduced the weight of rats and significantly reduced the serum levels of AST, ALT, CHO, and TG compared to the weight of the rats in the control group. The RT-PCR results showed that mRNA levels of NF-κB, TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-1β increased, and the levels of MCP-1 and ICAM-1 also increased, but YNCRG effectively reduced the mRNA levels. The results of the Western blotting assay showed that YNCRG did not affect the AMPK/ACC signaling pathway, but it strongly promoted the phosphorylation of PKA, ERK, and C/EBPβ in rat livers. YNCRG also significantly promoted the phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Tyr465) but inhibited IRS-1 (Ser1101); both are upstream factors of ERK. We found that YNCRG can reduce the accumulation of lipids in the liver of rats with metabolic syndrome, probably by affecting lipid metabolism and the signaling pathway associated with inflammatory reactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

YNCRG Alleviated Hepatic Steatosis in Metabolic Syndrome Model Rats by Improving Lipid Metabolism and Chronic Inflammatory Reaction

Sun¹,

Kudo²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2021

OBM ICM

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“…It has been shown that high flavonoid and phenolic compound in ginkgo biloba extracts exhibited an elimination of lipid synthesis and liver secretion in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress signals activation. 34 Indeed, clinical parameters of hepatic profiles characterized the damage in liver such as hepatocyte inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver injury. 35 Therefore, we can assume that GBR exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity via preserving liver function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cardiac Protection of Germinated Brown Rice During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery and Simulated Myocardial Ischemia

Demeekul¹,

Sukumolanan²,

Bootcha³

et al. 2021

JIR

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The potential cardio-protective property of germinated brown rice (GBR) has been revealed by ameliorating risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases. This study hypothesized that the combination of GBR and cardioplegic solution could protect the cardiomyocytes exposed to simulated ischemic reperfusion injury in vitro study and preserve cardiac function during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in animal models. Methods: Primary porcine cardiomyocytes were isolated and experimented cell viability against simulated ischemic reperfusion injury. In a cardiac surgical animal model, six pigs were randomly assigned to receive the two types of cardioplegic solution: i) St. Thomas cardioplegic solution (20 cc/kg); and ii) St. Thomas cardioplegic solution plus GBR (1 mg/ kg). During open-heart surgery, the aorta was cross-clamped for 20 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 1 hour. Cardiopulmonary bypass parameters were recorded until the end of the procedure. Furthermore, hemodynamic parameters and arterial blood gas characteristics of animals among groups were monitored at different time points, including baseline before cardiopulmonary bypass (T1), during cardiopulmonary bypass (T2), during aortic clamp on (T3), and aortic clamp off (T4). Results: Primarily, GBR cotreatment with cardioplegic solution essentially resulted in the improvement of cell viability in primary porcine cardiomyocytes against simulated ischemic reperfusion induction. The findings from cardiac surgery demonstrated that mean arterial pressure and heart rate are constantly stable in cardioplegic solution combined with the GBR group, while the trend of potassium and lactase concentration was decreased in the animals receiving GBR group. Consistently, all parameters from arterial blood gas showed better outcomes in animals receiving GBR; however, there were no statistically significant differences between groups, except hepatic enzymes. Conclusion: Therefore, GBR might exert cardio-protective effects against ischemic reperfusion injury in the porcine cardiac surgery model due to anti-inflammatory response. These protective actions of GBR may explain the benefits gained from applying GBR products as a possible therapeutic supplement on cardiac diseases.

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“…[ 87 ] EGb 50 is a concentrated extract of G. biloba leaves containing 6.4% ginkgolides, 26.4% flavonoid glycosides, and 44.1% total flavonoids. [ 88 ] EGb 761, comprising 24% flavonoid glycosides and 6% terpenoids, inhibited platelet activation, removed free radicals, and mitigated p53‐mediated and mitochondrion‐dependent proapoptotic effects doxorubicin‐induced cardiac toxicity. [ 89 ] EGb 50 also exerted beneficial effects against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR) by reducing the oxidative stress in the reperfused myocardium and increasing immunity and antioxidant activities in IR rats.…”

Section: G Biloba and Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginkgo biloba in the management of the COVID‐19 severity

Al-Kuraishy

Al-Gareeb

Kaushik

et al. 2022

Archiv der Pharmazie

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is linked with inflammatory disorders and the development of oxidative stress in extreme cases. Therefore, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant drugs may alleviate these complications. Ginkgo biloba L. folium extract (EGb) is a herbal medicine containing various active constituents. This review aims to provide a critical discussion on the potential role of EGb in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The antiviral effect of EGb is mediated by different mechanisms, including blocking SARS‐CoV‐2 3‐chymotrypsin‐like protease that provides trans‐variant effectiveness. Moreover, EGb impedes the development of pulmonary inflammatory disorders through the diminution of neutrophil elastase activity, the release of proinflammatory cytokines, platelet aggregation, and thrombosis. Thus, EGb can attenuate the acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID‐19. In conclusion, EGb offers the potential of being used as adjuvant antiviral and symptomatic therapy. Nanosystems enabling targeted delivery, personalization, and booster of effects provide the opportunity for the use of EGb in modern phytotherapy.

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Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 (GBE50) Ameliorates Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Injury in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

YNCRG Alleviated Hepatic Steatosis in Metabolic Syndrome Model Rats by Improving Lipid Metabolism and Chronic Inflammatory Reaction

YNCRG Alleviated Hepatic Steatosis in Metabolic Syndrome Model Rats by Improving Lipid Metabolism and Chronic Inflammatory Reaction

A Cardiac Protection of Germinated Brown Rice During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery and Simulated Myocardial Ischemia

Ginkgo biloba in the management of the COVID‐19 severity

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