Co‐infection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus enhances the disease severity in piglets

Zhang, Honglei; Han, Fangfang; Shu, Xiangli; Li, Qianqian; Ding, Qingwen; Hao, Chenlin; Yan, Xiaoguang; Xu, Menglong; Hu, Hui

doi:10.1111/tbed.14144

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…To clarify whether PDCoV could recognize SA in vivo, the intestinal tissues from different parts (jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) of PDCoV-infected piglets were labeled using PDCoV N monoclonal antibody and SA using FITC-WGA, respectively. Clinically, PDCoV also mainly infects the small intestine of piglets, which is consistent with our previous results [19,21]. The distribution of PDCoV and SA were closely correlated, and SA was abundant on the surface of the small intestinal tissues (jejunum and ileum) (Figure 5A,B), where PDCoV was also present in large amounts.…”

Section: Co-localization Of Pdcov and Sa In The Intestine Of Pigletssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Porcine Deltacoronavirus Utilizes Sialic Acid as an Attachment Receptor and Trypsin Can Influence the Binding Activity

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel coronavirus that causes diarrhea in nursing piglets. Studies showed that PDCoV uses porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN) as an entry receptor, but the infection of pAPN-knockout cells or pigs with PDCoV revealed that pAPN might be not a critical functional receptor, implying there exists an unidentified receptor involved in PDCoV infection. Herein, we report that sialic acid (SA) can act as an attachment receptor for PDCoV invasion and facilitate its infection. We first demonstrated that the carbohydrates destroyed on the cell membrane using NaIO4 can alleviate the susceptibility of cells to PDCoV. Further study showed that the removal of SA, a typical cell-surface carbohydrate, could influence the PDCoV infectivity to the cells significantly, suggesting that SA was involved in the infection. The results of plaque assay and Western blotting revealed that SA promoted PDCoV infection by increasing the number of viruses binding to SA on the cell surface during the adsorption phase, which was also confirmed by atomic force microscopy at the microscopic level. In in vivo experiments, we found that the distribution levels of PDCoV and SA were closely relevant in the swine intestine, which contains huge amount of trypsin. We further confirmed that SA-binding capacity to PDCoV is related to the pre-treatment of PDCoV with trypsin. In conclusion, SA is a novel attachment receptor for PDCoV infection to enhance its attachment to cells, which is dependent on the pre-treatment of trypsin on PDCoV. This study paves the way for dissecting the mechanisms of PDCoV–host interactions and provides new strategies to control PDCoV infection.

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Section: Co-localization Of Pdcov and Sa In The Intestine Of Pigletssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon of piglets at 3 dpi used in the experiment were taken from our previous artificial PDCoV-infection experiment. The distribution of PDCoV in tissues was determined using immunohistochemistry as described previously [19].…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry and Immunohistofluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Deltacoronavirus Utilizes Sialic Acid as an Attachment Receptor and Trypsin Can Influence the Binding Activity

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…PDCoV infection induces the expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IL-22, IL- 1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-λ1 in vitro or in vivo ( 2 , 44 , 48 , 50 , 64 , 72 ). Coinfection with PDCoV and PEDV has a synergetic effect on the regulation of cytokines ( 73 , 74 ). In the case of PDCoV-PEDV coinfection, the expressions of IFN-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α are significantly up-regulated compared with single PDCoV infection.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Pdcovmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review of Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Terms of Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Pathogenesis and Antiviral Strategy

Duan

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The recent experience with SARS-COV-2 has raised our alarm about the cross-species transmissibility of coronaviruses and the emergence of new coronaviruses. Knowledge of this family of viruses needs to be constantly updated. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), a newly emerging member of the genus Deltacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, is a swine enteropathogen that causes diarrhea in pigs and may lead to death in severe cases. Since PDCoV diarrhea first broke out in the United States in early 2014, PDCoV has been detected in many countries, such as South Korea, Japan and China. More importantly, PDCoV can also infect species other than pigs, and infections have even been reported in children, highlighting its potential for cross-species transmission. A thorough and systematic knowledge of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PDCoV will not only help us control PDCoV infection, but also enable us to discover the common cellular pathways and key factors of coronaviruses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the prevalence, pathogenicity and infection dynamics, pathogenesis and immune evasion strategies of PDCoV. The existing anti-PDCoV strategies and corresponding mechanisms of PDCoV infection are also introduced, aiming to provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV and zoonotic diseases.

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“…Previous studies reported that coinfection with PEDV up to 50% in PDCoV infected diarrhoeal pigs [7,8]. Some studies have shown that simultaneously infected of PDCoV and PEDV enhances the disease severity in piglets [4,5]. While, one study has shown that no increased severity of PEDV infectivity by PDCoV co-infection, when rst inoculated with virulent PEDV PC21A followed in 16 h by PDCoV OH-FD22, or they are simultaneously inoculated with the PEDV and PDCoV strains [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two viruses can be transmitted through the fecal oral route and primarily infect small intestinal epithelial cells [4]. These leads to indistinguishable clinical signs characterized by severe diarrhoea, anorexia, dehydration, and weight loss [5]. But the mortality and the intestinal lesion caused by the PDCoV infected piglets were relatively milder than the PEDV infected piglets [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the effect of intestinal immunity that the neonatal piglet co-infection with porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

Liang

Yan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) have been often simultaneously detected in coronavirus diarrhea piglets. But the intestinal immune of the interaction between the co-circulating PDCoV and PEDV are unknown. Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate intestinal immunity of neonatal piglets that were exposed with PDCoV first and then PEDV subsequently. The amount and distribution of CD3+T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and goblet cells (GCs) in small intestine were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and periodic acid-schiff respectively. The expression of pattern recognition receptors and downstream mediator genes were analyzed by qPCR. The results showed that the number of GCs, CD3+T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the small intestine of the PDCoV + PEDV co-inoculated piglets were increased compared with PEDV single-inoculated piglets. The piglets in the group of PDCoV + PEDV were significantly up-regulated IFN-α and IFN-λ1 when compared with the PEDV single-inoculated piglets. These results suggest that the PDCoV + PEDV co-infected piglets can superiorly activate intestinal antiviral immunity compared to PEDV single-infected piglets, which provide a new insight into the pathogenesis mechanism of swine enteric coronavirus coinfection that may be used for vaccination in the future.

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Co‐infection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus enhances the disease severity in piglets

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

Porcine Deltacoronavirus Utilizes Sialic Acid as an Attachment Receptor and Trypsin Can Influence the Binding Activity

Porcine Deltacoronavirus Utilizes Sialic Acid as an Attachment Receptor and Trypsin Can Influence the Binding Activity

An Updated Review of Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Terms of Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Pathogenesis and Antiviral Strategy

Study on the effect of intestinal immunity that the neonatal piglet co-infection with porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

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