Abstract:TRPV1, known as a capsaicin receptor, is the best-described transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel. Recently, it was shown to be expressed by non-excitable cells such as lymphocytes. However, the data regarding the functional expression of the TRPV1 channel in the immune cells are often contradictory. In the present study, we performed a phylogenetical analysis of the canine TRP ion channels, we assessed the expression of TRPV1 in the canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by qPCR and Western… Show more
“…Macrophages of the skin of the AD-dogs showed GPR55-IR, a finding consistent with those obtained in the macrophages of rodents, humans ( 101 , 102 ) and dogs ( 43 ). Macrophages of the skin of the AD-dogs also expressed TRPV1-IR; this finding supported a recent study which showed the expression of TRPV1 on both the mRNA and the protein levels in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and indicated that this ion channel was functional ( 103 ). In addition, there is a study on mice supporting the role of the TRPV1 channel in macrophage activation and the effectiveness of a subset of TRPV1 channel antagonists in suppressing inflammatory responses ( 104 ).…”
Materials and methods:The immunofluorescent stained cryosections of the skins of dogs with AD having antibodies against CB R, GPR , TRPV , TRPA were semiquantitatively evaluated. The inflammatory cells were identified using antibodies against tryptase (mast cells), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule (IBA ) (macrophages/DCs), CD (T cells), and calprotectin (neutrophils). The proportions of MCs, macrophages/DCs, T cells, and neutrophils expressing CB R, GPR , TRPV and TRPA were evaluated.
Results:The cells of the inflammatory infiltrate showed immunoreactivity (IR) for all or for some of the cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors studied. In particular, MCs and macrophages/DCs showed CB R-, GPR -, TRPA -, and TRPV -IR; T cells showed CB R-, GPR -and TRPA -IR, and neutrophils expressed GPR -IR. Co-localization studies indicated that CB R-IR was co-expressed with TRPV -, TRPA -, and GPR -IR in di erent cellular elements of the dermis of the AD-dogs.
“…Macrophages of the skin of the AD-dogs showed GPR55-IR, a finding consistent with those obtained in the macrophages of rodents, humans ( 101 , 102 ) and dogs ( 43 ). Macrophages of the skin of the AD-dogs also expressed TRPV1-IR; this finding supported a recent study which showed the expression of TRPV1 on both the mRNA and the protein levels in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and indicated that this ion channel was functional ( 103 ). In addition, there is a study on mice supporting the role of the TRPV1 channel in macrophage activation and the effectiveness of a subset of TRPV1 channel antagonists in suppressing inflammatory responses ( 104 ).…”
Materials and methods:The immunofluorescent stained cryosections of the skins of dogs with AD having antibodies against CB R, GPR , TRPV , TRPA were semiquantitatively evaluated. The inflammatory cells were identified using antibodies against tryptase (mast cells), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule (IBA ) (macrophages/DCs), CD (T cells), and calprotectin (neutrophils). The proportions of MCs, macrophages/DCs, T cells, and neutrophils expressing CB R, GPR , TRPV and TRPA were evaluated.
Results:The cells of the inflammatory infiltrate showed immunoreactivity (IR) for all or for some of the cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors studied. In particular, MCs and macrophages/DCs showed CB R-, GPR -, TRPA -, and TRPV -IR; T cells showed CB R-, GPR -and TRPA -IR, and neutrophils expressed GPR -IR. Co-localization studies indicated that CB R-IR was co-expressed with TRPV -, TRPA -, and GPR -IR in di erent cellular elements of the dermis of the AD-dogs.
Background
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is well-established in neuronal function, yet its role in immune reactions remains enigmatic. The conflicting data on its inflammatory role, suggesting both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects upon TRPV1 stimulation in immune cells, adds complexity. To unravel TRPV1 immunomodulatory mechanisms, we investigated how the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin influences lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotypes.
Results
Changes in the surface molecules, cytokine production, and signaling cascades linked to the phenotype of M1 or M2 macrophages of the J774 macrophage cell line and bone marrow-derived macrophages, treated with capsaicin before or after the LPS-induced inflammatory reaction were determined. The functional capacity of macrophages was also assessed by infecting the stimulated macrophages with the intracellular parasite Leishmania mexicana.
Conclusion
Our findings reveal that TRPV1 activation yields distinct macrophage responses influenced by the inflammatory context. LPS pre-treatment followed by capsaicin activation prompted increased calcium influx, accompanied by a shift toward an anti-inflammatory M2b-like polarization state.
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