Nanomaterials in Cementitious Composites: An Update

Metaxa, Zoi S.; Tolkou, Athanasia K.; Efstathiou, Stefania; Rahdar, Abbas; Favvas, Evangelos P.; Mitropoulos, Athanasios C.; Kyzas, George Z.

doi:10.3390/molecules26051430

Cited by 38 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…Recent advances in nanomaterials production at pilot and full scales have made it possible to consider nano-reinforced concrete. Nanofibers have the tremendous advantage of superior performance at a minimal fraction dosage of macro and microfibers 9 . In addition, biobased nanomaterials have the advantages of renewability and nontoxicity of the source material over synthetic counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies found that cellulose-based nanomaterials influence cementitious systems' rheological and mechanical properties, with mostly positive outcomes 22 – 25 . Most studies reported an increased degree of hydration (DOH) with CL-NC and CL-NF, resulting in improved strength 9 , 25 – 27 . CL-NF has a highly reactive surface with hydroxyl groups that facilitate high hydrogen bonding with the cementitious matrix 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of chitin nanofibers and nanocrystals from waste shrimp shells on mechanical properties, setting time, and late-age hydration of mortar

Haider

Jian

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Every year ~ 6–8 million tonnes of shrimp, crab, and lobster shell wastes are generated, requiring costly disposal procedures. In this study, the chitin content of shrimp shell waste was oxidized to produce chitin nanocrystals (ChNC) and mechanically fibrillated to obtain chitin nanofibers (ChNF) and evaluated as additives for mortar. ChNF (0.075 wt%) and ChNC (0.05 wt%) retarded the final setting time by 50 and 30 min, likely through cement dispersion by electrostatic repulsion. ChNF (0.05 wt%) with a larger aspect ratio than ChNC resulted in the greatest improved flexural strength and fracture energy by 24% and 28%. Elastic modulus increased by up to 91% and 43% with ChNC and ChNF. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed ChNF (0.05 wt%) enhanced calcium–silicate–hydrate structure with a 41% higher degree of polymerization, 9% more silicate chain length, and a 15% higher degree of hydration at 28 days. Based on the findings, chitin seems a viable biomass source for powerful structural nanofibers and nanocrystals for cementitious systems to divert seafood waste from landfills or the sea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of chitin nanofibers and nanocrystals from waste shrimp shells on mechanical properties, setting time, and late-age hydration of mortar

Haider

Jian

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…CNTs are characterized by a high elastic modulus as well as tensile strength [ 11 ], which makes them a very suitable option to reinforce materials such as cement. Therefore, it is possible to obtain composite materials with improvement in both tensile and compression strengths, as well as better durability, since crack propagation is inhibited [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Cement Reinforced with Pristine and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Simulation Studies

et al. 2022

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Concrete is well known for its compression resistance, making it suitable for any kind of construction. Several research studies show that the addition of carbon nanostructures to concrete allows for construction materials with both a higher resistance and durability, while having less porosity. Among the mentioned nanostructures are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which consist of long cylindrical molecules with a nanoscale diameter. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out, to study the effect of pristine or carboxyl functionalized CNTs inserted into a tobermorite crystal on the mechanical properties (elastic modulus and interfacial shear strength) of the resulting composites. The results show that the addition of the nanostructure to the tobermorite crystal increases the elastic modulus and the interfacial shear strength, observing a positive relation between the mechanical properties and the atomic interactions established between the tobermorite crystal and the CNT surface. In addition, functionalized CNTs present enhanced mechanical properties.

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“…Thus far, several researchers have examined the introduction of GO in cement composites [ 20 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Studies show the key to attaining superior properties by GO in cement composites is by uniform dispersion and prevention of GO agglomeration, as higher alkalinity of cement matrix leads to agglomeration [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Laboratory Synthesized Graphene Oxide on the Morphology and Properties of Cement Mortar

et al. 2022

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The introduction of Graphene Oxide (GO), a nanomaterial, has shown considerable promise in improving the mechanical properties of cement composites. However, the reasons for this improvement are not yet fully understood and demand further research. This study aims to understand the effect of laboratory-produced GO, using Tour’s method, on the mechanical properties and morphology of cement mortar containing GO. The GO was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray powder diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy alongside Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study adopted a cement mortar with GO percentages of 0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.035, and 0.04 with respect to the weight of the cement. The presence of GO in cement mortar increased the density and decreased the consistency and setting times. At the optimum of 0.03% GO viscous suspension, the mechanical properties such as the 28-day compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength were enhanced by 41%, 83%, and 43%, respectively. In addition, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis indicates an increase in surface area and volume of micropores of GO cement mortar, resulting in a decreased volume of mesopores. The improvement in properties was due to increased nucleation sites, calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) density, and a decreased volume of mesopores.

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Nanomaterials in Cementitious Composites: An Update

Cited by 38 publications

References 184 publications

Impact of chitin nanofibers and nanocrystals from waste shrimp shells on mechanical properties, setting time, and late-age hydration of mortar

Impact of chitin nanofibers and nanocrystals from waste shrimp shells on mechanical properties, setting time, and late-age hydration of mortar

Mechanical Properties of Cement Reinforced with Pristine and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Simulation Studies

Influence of Laboratory Synthesized Graphene Oxide on the Morphology and Properties of Cement Mortar

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