Bio‐Guided Investigation of Sideritis cypria Methanol Extract Driven by in Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Assays

Abstract

Sideritis cypria Post is an endemic and endangered species of Northern Cyprus. The overall aim of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic content, the antioxidant, the cytotoxic and the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract obtained from the aerial parts of cultivated S. cypria. A bio‐guided approach led to the isolation of 27 chemical compounds by using various analytical techniques. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The crude extract exerted strong antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays) which was attributed to its high total phenolic content. Furthermore, groups rich in phenolic content showed highest antioxidant property, whereas groups with phytosterols, diterpenoids and apigenin derivatives exerted cytotoxic effects in MDA‐MB231 cancer cell line by the MTT method. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of four isolated apigenin derivatives was evaluated in the same cancer cells. The antimicrobial activity of the extract and groups were measured, demonstrating lack of activity. To the best of our knowledge, this survey is the first report on the biological activities of the methanol extract of S. cypria.

Characterization of Sideritis clandestina subsp. peloponnesiaca Polar Glycosides and Phytochemical Comparison to Other Mountain Tea Populations

“…Μelittoside ( 2 ) was isolated as a white amorphous powder and its molecular structure C 21 H 32 O 15 was determined by 1 H- & 13 C-NMR, MS, and UV-vis spectra ( Table S2 and Figures S4–S7 ), which agreed with a previous reference [ 17 ]. This is an iridoid glycoside that bears two glucose units at C-1 and C-5 linked via O-glycosidic bonds and its presence in several Sideritis taxa has been reported earlier [ 1 , 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]; this is the first report of its occurrence in SCP.…”

Anti-Ageing Potential of S. euboea Heldr. Phenolics

“…Concerning the isolated phenolic derivatives, compounds 27 and 30 – 33 were reported in previous studies on various Sideritis species [ 49 , 51 , 52 ], whereas compounds 28 and 29 were not found before in the specific genus. However, the constituents 28 – 33 were isolated for the first time in S. euboea .…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, the presence of apigenin 7- O -p-coumaroyl-glucosides ( 10 – 13 ) is mentioned for the first time in S. euboea . Though, apigenin 7- O -[3′′- O - trans -p-coumaroyl]- β - d -glucopyranoside ( 10 ) is found for the second time in genus Sideritis [ 49 ]. The 1 H-NMR spectra of all the isolated apigenin derivatives are presented in Figure 1 .…”

NMR Fingerprint Comparison of Cultivated Sideritis spp. from Cyprus

“…perfoliata with those of S. cypria, we compared them with NMR spectra of previously isolated compounds from our works in Sideritis spp. [5,8,9,12,13]. Through the screening of the 1 H-NMR spectra of different compounds, we carefully noticed that the main different hydrogen signals in the spectrum of infusion of S. perfoliata subsp.…”

“…perfoliata are used in traditional medicine as agents for various ailments such as stomach discomforts, respiratory disorders, influenza, and common cold [3]. Previous studies on extracts and infusions of these species revealed their rich nutrition and phytochemical profiles, as well as their great in vitro biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”