ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS

Lefferts, Merel J.; Humphreys, Lisa; Mai, Nathalie; Murugappan, Krishnan; Armitage, Ben I.; Pons, Jean‐François; Castell, Martin R.

doi:10.1039/d0an02403a

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The conductivity of the whole percolation pathway can be disrupted by the analyte on polymer connections, while the analyte will only affect the local surface conductivity of the dense thin film. Our previous work has shown that electropolymerization can be used to fabricate chemiresistors based on polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene) (PEDOT) percolation networks and that the sensitivities and limits of detection of the resulting percolation networks to ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonium nitrate/fuel oil are significantly improved compared to more traditional thin-film chemiresistive sensors. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypyrrole Percolation Network Gas Sensors: Improved Reproducibility through Conductance Monitoring during Polymer Growth

Lefferts

Armitage

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Conducting-polymer-based electrical percolation networks are promising materials for use in high-sensitivity chemiresistive devices. An ongoing challenge is to create percolation networks that have consistent properties, so that devices based on these materials do not have to be individually calibrated. Here, an in situ conductance technique is used during the electrochemical growth of polypyrrole (PPy) percolation networks. The drain current ( i d ) across the interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) is a measure of the conductance of the PPy network during electrochemical polymerization. The i d curve is used to determine the percolation region. To improve the reproducibility of PPy percolation networks, an in situ conductance monitoring method based on the value of i d is used. A set of optimal ammonia gas percolation sensors was created using this method with an average sensitivity of Δ R / R 0 × 100% ppm –1 = 11.3 ± 1.2% ppm –1 and an average limit of detection of 15.0 ± 3.6 ppb.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypyrrole Percolation Network Gas Sensors: Improved Reproducibility through Conductance Monitoring during Polymer Growth

Lefferts

Armitage

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Lefferts, M.J., et al used “ANFO chemiresistive vapour sensors based on polypyrrole (PPy) percolation networks to enhance” GC-MS results and reported improved sensitivity over thin film and detected “13–180 ppb of ammonia emitted by a variety of different ammonium nitrate …” mixtures [ 656 ].…”

Section: General Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpol review of the analysis and detection of explosives and explosives residues

Klapec

Czarnopys

Pannuto

2023

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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“…Conducting polymers have also been heavily investigated for chemiresistive sensing at room temperature, however they have issues such as signal drifts and lack of stability over time. [29][30][31][32] Therefore, there is a need for robust and easily miniaturized room temperature sensing materials for application in chemiresistive gas sensing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconductor Nanowire Arrays for High‐Performance Miniaturized Chemical Sensing

Wei

John

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Chemiresistive sensing is one of the most promising technologies for portable and miniaturized chemical sensing, with applications ranging from air quality monitoring to explosive detection and medical diagnostics. Recently, there have been growing efforts in developing microchip based chemical sensors operating at room temperature with high sensitivity, selectivity, spatial and temporal resolution, long‐term stability, and cost‐effectiveness. Here, the engineering of highly performing miniaturized gas sensors consisting of chemiresistive vertical indium phosphide nanowire (NW) arrays is reported for the first time, and their potential for the selective detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a major air pollutant, is demonstrated. By carefully engineering the NW geometry (i.e., diameter and pitch), a superior sensing performance than those previously reported semiconductor‐based NO2 sensors is achieved, obtaining a limit of detection of 3.1 ppb at room temperature, with outstanding selectivity, and long‐term stability. Kinetic analysis and electrical simulation further reveal the array geometry correlated sensing mechanism, providing insights for the design of future NW array‐based devices. These findings indicate that, owing to their unique nanoscale structures, material properties, and CMOS compatible manufacture processes, III‐V compound semiconductor NW arrays present a new and promising chemical sensing platform for development of future high performance, miniaturized on‐chip sensing system.

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ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS

Abstract: Ammonium nitrate mixed with fuel oil (ANFO) is commonly used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs).

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Polypyrrole Percolation Network Gas Sensors: Improved Reproducibility through Conductance Monitoring during Polymer Growth

Polypyrrole Percolation Network Gas Sensors: Improved Reproducibility through Conductance Monitoring during Polymer Growth

Interpol review of the analysis and detection of explosives and explosives residues

Semiconductor Nanowire Arrays for High‐Performance Miniaturized Chemical Sensing

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