Demented patients and the quandaries of identity: setting the problem, advancing a proposal

Boniolo, Giovanni

doi:10.1007/s40656-021-00365-y

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…About 50 million individuals have dementia worldwide, to which approximately 10 million new cases are added every year. The total number of dementia individuals is expected to reach 82 and 152 million in 2030 and 2050, respectively [ 1 , 2 ]. AD is characterized by the aggravation of cognition, function, and behavior, as well as losing memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular modelling of new 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors‏ on PC12 cells

et al. 2022

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Background The loss of cholinergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' brain is accompanied by a reduced concentration of Acetylcholine (ACh) within synaptic clefts. Thus, the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) to block the cholinergic degradation of ACh is a promising approach for AD treatment. In the present study, a series of 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine derivatives (CHP1-5) were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as potential multifunctional anti-AD agents. Methods In addition, the chemical structures and purity of the synthesized compounds were elucidated through using IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and elemental analyses. Further, the intended compounds were assessed in vitro for their AChE inhibitory and neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays were utilized to determine their antioxidant activity. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Results Based on the results, CHP4 and CHP5 exhibited strong AChE inhibitory effects with the IC50 values of 3.76 and 4.2 µM compared to the donepezil (0.53 µM), respectively. The study examined the effect and molecular mechanism of CHP4 on the Ab1–42-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. At concentrations of 0–100 μM, CHP4 was non-toxic in PC12. Additionally, Ab1–42 significantly stimulated tau hyperphosphorylation and induced differentiated PC12 cell death. Further, CHP4 resulted in diminishing the Ab1–42-induced toxicity in PC12 cell significantly. CHP4 at 30 μM concentration significantly increased the Ab1–42-induced HSP70 expression and decreased tau hyperphosphorylation. Conclusions According to the results of our studies CHP4 can be considered as safe and efficient AChEI and employed as a potential multifunctional anti-AD agent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular modelling of new 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors‏ on PC12 cells

et al. 2022

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“…Unlike adults, older people often have established identities (Daley et al, 2013). In contrast, the identity of people diagnosed with dementia is easily lost with the progression of symptoms (Boniolo, 2021; D'cruz, 2021). However, it has been noted that the importance of cultivating and maintaining a multifaceted and socially valued identity is not fully recognized by mental health services (Daley et al, 2013; Hine et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a scale to evaluate nurses' recovery orientation in the dementia care

Furuno

Fujino

Fujimoto

et al. 2023

Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs

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Accessible Summary What is known on the subject? Much research has been conducted on the relationship between recovery orientation and people diagnosed with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and mood disorders. A recovery‐oriented approach by mental health professionals can reduce hospital stays and medical costs for people diagnosed with mental illness. There are similarities and differences between recovery‐oriented approaches for individuals diagnosed with dementia and those diagnosed with mental illness. This reflects the characteristics of irreversible dementia. Although dementia courses at recovery colleges are increasing, dementia recovery is in its infancy and course content varies. The core of the recovery framework for individuals diagnosed with dementia is ‘Continue to be me’. Recovery‐oriented approaches and programmes have been developed by mental health workers for older adults, including those with dementia, but there are no outcome measures that reflect the characteristics of dementia care. What the paper adds to existing knowledge? We developed a scale to assess nurses' recovery orientation in dementia care, which has been found to be reliable, and although some validity issues remain, it is the first scale to objectively assess recovery orientation in dementia care. The emphasis is on helping people diagnosed with dementia maintain their identity, which is not adequately covered by existing measures of recovery. What are the implications for practice? The ability to objectively assess recovery orientation in dementia care allows us to identify areas of inadequacy. It can be used to reduce variation in the content of recovery college courses and as an indicator for evaluating training in recovery‐oriented approaches to dementia care. Abstract Introduction Programmes regarding recovery‐oriented approaches for older people, including those with dementia, have been developed, but there are no clear indicators, and the process is still in its infancy. Purpose We developed a scale to assess nurses' recovery orientation in dementia care. Methods A draft of a 28‐item scale was developed based on interviews with 10 nurses, skilled in dementia care with a Japanese mental health perspective, and a literature review. A self‐administered questionnaire was developed for nurses working in a dementia ward, and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test for convergent and discriminant validity. The Recovery Attitude Questionnaire was used to examine criterion‐related validity. Results An exploratory factor analysis produced a 19‐item scale and identified five factors (KMO value: 0.854). The Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was .856, with each subfactor showing a range of .742–.792, validating its reliability. Discussion The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the five‐factor construct. Reliability was verified, but some issues remained in convergent and discriminant validity. Implications for Practice This scale can be u...

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“…Furthermore, no association was observed between frailty and dementia or hospitalization. Although the current definition of frailty mainly focuses on physical aspects, whereas dementia is more of a neurocognitive disorder ( 39 ), frailty might not be a direct or sensitive predictor of dementia. Recently, a study indicated that individuals with a low degree of Alzheimer’s disease pathology might also be at risk for dementia if they have severe frailty, suggesting that frailty might mediate the association between brain neuropathology and impending dementia ( 40 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of frailty, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive frailty on adverse health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Chen

Wang²,

He³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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AimsThis study analyzes the impact of frailty, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive frailty on adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the PRISMA guidelines and MOOSE statement. We developed a specific search strategy for each electronic database and searched PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase from initial records to July 2021. The studies on adverse outcomes of frailty, pre-frailty, mild cognitive impairment, and mild cognitive impairment with pre-frailty and cognitive frailty were included. Two researchers independently extracted data based on a spreadsheet and assessed the risk of bias. The primary outcomes were mortality, dementia, disability, and hospitalization. The second outcome included quality of life and falls. All analysis was conducted by using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 22 cohort studies (71,544 older adults with mean age ranging from 65.1 to 93.6 years) were included with a low risk of bias and high methodological quality with a NOS score ≥7. Compared to robust elders, individuals identified as frailty were associated with a higher risk of mortality (RR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.57–2.83) and disability (RR = 5.91, 95% CI: 2.37–14.74). Mild cognitive impairment with pre-frailty was associated with mortality (RR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.48–2.05) and dementia (RR = 4.15, 95% CI: 1.87–9.20). Pre-frailty was associated with a higher risk of mortality (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11–1.50). Cognitive frailty was associated with higher risk of incident mortality (RR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.97–2.94), dementia (RR = 3.67, 95% CI: 2.81–4.78), disability (RR = 11.32, 95% CI: 4.14–30.97), and hospitalization (RR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.60–3.32), as well as poor quality of life.ConclusionCognitive frailty could be a comprehensive psychosomatic predictor for adverse outcomes among older people. Interactions between frailty, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive frailty on adverse outcomes must be further explored.Systematic review registration[https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-5-0064/], identifier [INPLASY202250064].

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Demented patients and the quandaries of identity: setting the problem, advancing a proposal

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular modelling of new 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors‏ on PC12 cells

Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular modelling of new 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors‏ on PC12 cells

Development of a scale to evaluate nurses' recovery orientation in the dementia care

Impact of frailty, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive frailty on adverse health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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