Feline leukemia virus in owned cats in Southeast Asia and Taiwan

Capozza, Paolo; Lorusso, Eleonora; Colella, Vito; Jc, Thibault; Tan, Do Yew; Tronel, J.P.; Halos, Lénaïg; Beugnet, Frédéric; Elia, Gabriella; Nguyen, Van Long; Occhiogrosso, Leonardo; Martella, Vito; Otranto, Domenico; Decaro, Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109008

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The higher prevalence of FeLV in the study of Capozza et al (2021) could be explained by a higher regional prevalence in Bangkok and North Thailand (where Chiang Mai is situated) which is in accordance to the present study (35). Capozza et al (2021) found a significant (p < 0.05) association between Thailand as country of cats' origin, adult age, abnormal oral mucosa, and positive FeLV-antigen results (35). In the present study, adult age was not a significant risk factor (p = 0.052) for FeLV infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the present study, the FeLV prevalence was 4.2% in North, Northeast, and Central Thailand. So far, there is only one study published on FeLV prevalence with a small study population (119 cats) from Bangkok and Chiang Mai, which is situated in the North of Thailand ( 35 ). The authors determined a prevalence of progressive FeLV infection of 14.3 % ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, there is only one study published on FeLV prevalence with a small study population (119 cats) from Bangkok and Chiang Mai, which is situated in the North of Thailand ( 35 ). The authors determined a prevalence of progressive FeLV infection of 14.3 % ( 35 ). The number of cats sampled in Chiang Mai was neither specified in this study ( 35 ), nor in an overlapping larger study in which cats and dogs from Eastern and Southeast Asia were tested for vector-borne pathogens and ectoparasites ( 44 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is limited information on FIV and FeLV infection prevalence in Thailand, and available studies either included only a low number of cats or investigated cats in only small areas ( 12 , 15 , 16 , 35 – 40 ) ( Table 1 ). Most of these studies looked at cats from Bangkok and its vicinities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, there is only one study in a limited region of Northeast Thailand (Khon Kaen city) that evaluated clinically healthy cats in 2018 ( 40 ) and only one study investigating risk factors for FIV and FeLV infection in Thailand ( 15 ). One recent study looked at risk factors for FeLV only, again in a limited region (Bangkok and Chiang Mai) ( 35 ). Thus, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of FeLV and FIV in healthy outdoor cats in North, Northeast, and Central Thailand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus Infection in Healthy Cats in Thailand

et al. 2022

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Infections with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) occur worldwide and are among the most important infectious diseases in cats. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of FIV and FeLV infection in healthy outdoor cats in North, Northeast and Central Thailand. So far, a study on retrovirus prevalence of healthy cats in Thailand in a larger geographic area has not been published yet. In addition, risk factors for FIV and FeLV infections were evaluated. Two hundred sixty healthy cats were prospectively recruited. They originated from 13 locations in North, Northeast, and Central Thailand and were presented for either preventive health care and/or neutering. In each cat, a physical examination was performed to confirm health status. FIV and FeLV status was determined using a commercial rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (SNAP Combo Plus FeLV/FIV, IDEXX). Risk factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Samples of 15/260 (5.8%) cats were positive for FIV antibodies, and 11/260 (4.2%) samples were positive for FeLV antigen. One of the 260 (0.4%) cats was positive for both, FIV and FeLV infection. In binary logistic regression analysis, no parameter was associated with a higher risk for FeLV infection. However, cats had a significantly (p = 0.025) higher risk for FIV infection when they were 2 years or older. FIV and FeLV infections occur in healthy cats in North, Northeast and Central Thailand, but prevalence was lower than expected. No risk factors for FeLV infection were detected, but risk for FIV infection increases with age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus Infection in Healthy Cats in Thailand

et al. 2022

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Isolation of a feline-derived feline panleukopenia virus with an A300P substitution in the VP2 protein and confirmation of its pathogenicity in dogs

Li,

Peng,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Animal Diseases

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Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that can infect cats and cause feline panleukopenia, which is a highly contagious and fatal disease in felines. The sequence of FPV is highly variable, and mutations in the amino acids of its capsid protein play crucial roles in altering viral virulence, immunogenicity, host selection, and other abilities. In this study, the epidemiology of FPV was studied using 746 gastrointestinal swab samples derived from cats that presented gastrointestinal symptoms specifically, diarrhea or vomiting during the period spanning from 2018 to 2022. The overall prevalence of FPV-positive patients among these samples was determined to be 45.4%. Capsid (virion) protein 2 (VP2) gene of each FPV-positive sample was sequenced and amplified, yielding 65 VP2 sequences. Among them, six VP2 gene sequences were detected in the majority of the samples test positive for FPV, and these positive samples originated from a diverse range of geographical locations. These isolates were named FPV-6, FPV-10, FPV-15, FPV-251, FPV-271 and FPV-S2. Additionally, the substitution of Ala300Pro (A300P) in VP2 was detected for the first time in feline-derived FPV (FPV-251). FPV-251 isolate, with this substitution in VP2 protein, exhibited stable proliferative capacity in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and A72 cells. FPV-271 was selected as the FPV control isolate due to its single amino acid difference from VP2 protein of FPV-251 at position 300 (FPV-271 has alanine, while FPV-251 has proline). After oral infection, both FPV-251 and FPV-271 isolates caused feline panleukopenia, which is characterized by clinical signs of enterocolitis. However, FPV-251 can infect dogs through the oral route and cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms with lesions in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of infected dogs. This is the first report on the presence of an A300P substitution in VP2 protein of feline-derived FPV. Additionally, FPV isolate with a substitution of A300P at VP2 protein demonstrated efficient replication capabilities in canine cell lines and the ability to infect dogs.

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Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses associated with chronic and neoplastic diseases in domestic and non-domestic cats. There has been increasing interest in the clinical importance of feline retroviruses in Thailand and the identification of associated risk factors in domestic cats. To prevent the spread of retroviral diseases and improve the management of retrovirus-infected cats, risk factors and associated clinical laboratory data must be clearly understood. This study aimed to identify the influence of household, lifestyle, health status, sterilization, clinical presentations, and laboratory findings on FIV- and FeLV-infected cats in Bangkok, Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 480 cats were evaluated for FeLV p27 antigen and FIV antibodies using Witness FeLV-FIV Rapid Test and SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo Test at a veterinary hospital service. Results: Of the 480 cats tested, 113 were positivefor virus infection, including 60 for FeLV (12.5%), 40 for FIV (8.3%), and 13 for both FeLV and FIV (2.7%). The findings revealed that the risk factors for cats infected with FeLV, FIV, or both FeLV and FIV were significantly different compared with those for non-infected cats (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that multi-cat ownership is a risk factor for the high prevalence of feline retrovirus infection, as multi-cat households exhibited a higher prevalence of infection than single-cat households. Anemic and sick cats were also at a greater risk of testing positive for specific retrovirus infections. FeLV-infected cats had a higher risk of anemia and low erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts (p ≤ 0.0001), whereas FIV-infected cats were more likely to have anemia and leukocytopenia than controls. Conclusion: Knowledge of the risk factors for retroviral diseases and associated clinical and laboratory findings can be used to develop strategies to reduce FIV and FeLV infections in cats.

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Feline leukemia virus in owned cats in Southeast Asia and Taiwan

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus Infection in Healthy Cats in Thailand

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus Infection in Healthy Cats in Thailand

Isolation of a feline-derived feline panleukopenia virus with an A300P substitution in the VP2 protein and confirmation of its pathogenicity in dogs

Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand

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