Human tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: A review on genetic diversity, pathogenesis and omics approaches in host biomarkers discovery

Kanabalan, Renuga Devi; Lee, Le Jie; Lee, Tze Yan; Chong, Pei Pei; Hassan, Latiffah; Ismail, Rosnah; Chin, Voon Kin

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2020.126674

Cited by 71 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 221 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Of these, only M. tuberculosis causes human TB, along with M. canetti. The other species, such as M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, and M. pinnipedii, cause TB in domestic and wild animals, alongside the current TB vaccine strain, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin [20,21]. M. tuberculosis is mostly characterized by high lipid and mycolic acid contents in the cell wall, an incredibly low rate of division in vitro cell culture, and a naturally high speed of replication in host cells [22,23].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Antitubercular Drug Delivery: A Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The antimicrobial drugs currently used for the management of tuberculosis (TB) exhibit poor bioavailability that necessitates prolonged treatment regimens and high dosing frequency to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. In addition, these agents cause severe adverse effects, as well as having detrimental interactions with other drugs used in the treatment of comorbid conditions such as HIV/AIDS. The challenges associated with the current TB regimens contribute to low levels of patient adherence and, consequently, the development of multidrug-resistant TB strains. This has led to the urgent need to develop newer drug delivery systems to improve the treatment of TB. Targeted drug delivery systems provide higher drug concentrations at the infection site, thus leading to reduced incidences of adverse effects. Lipid-based nanocarriers have proven to be effective in improving the solubility and bioavailability of antimicrobials whilst decreasing the incidence of adverse effects through targeted delivery. The potential application of lipid-based carriers such as liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nano and microemulsions, and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems for the treatment of TB is reviewed herein. The composition of the investigated lipid-based carriers, their characteristics, and their influence on bioavailability, toxicity, and sustained drug delivery are also discussed. Overall, lipid-based systems have shown great promise in anti-TB drug delivery applications. The summary of the reviewed data encourages future efforts to boost the translational development of lipid-based nanocarriers to improve TB therapy.

show abstract

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Antitubercular Drug Delivery: A Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR) is accountable for 3.4 percent of new TB infections worldwide and up to 50% of earlier treated patients in certain parts of the globe ( Goff et al., 2020 ; Harding, 2020 ). The Mycobacteriaceae family includes the genus Mycobacterium, composed of more than 200 species with diverse host reservoirs, varying degrees of pathogenicity in animals and humans, epidemiology, and management despite sharing some basic features ( Kanabalan et al., 2021 ). Mycobacterium can be classified into two distinct categories based on their growth rates: slow-growing Mycobacteria and fast-growing Mycobacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Omics to Study Leprosy, Tuberculosis, and Other Mycobacterial Diseases

Ahamad

Gupta

Parashar

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycobacteria are members of the Actinomycetales order, and they are classified into one family, Mycobacteriaceae. More than 20 mycobacterial species cause disease in humans. The Mycobacterium group, called the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), has nine closely related species that cause tuberculosis in animals and humans. TB can be detected worldwide and one-fourth of the world’s population is contaminated with tuberculosis. According to the WHO, about two million dies from it, and more than nine million people are newly infected with TB each year. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the most potential causative agent of tuberculosis and prompts enormous mortality and morbidity worldwide due to the incompletely understood pathogenesis of human tuberculosis. Moreover, modern diagnostic approaches for human tuberculosis are inefficient and have many lacks, while MTBC species can modulate host immune response and escape host immune attacks to sustain in the human body. “Multi-omics” strategies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and deep sequencing technologies could be a comprehensive strategy to investigate the pathogenesis of mycobacterial species in humans and offer significant discovery to find out biomarkers at the early stage of disease in the host. Thus, in this review, we attempt to understand an overview of the mission of “omics” approaches in mycobacterial pathogenesis, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and other mycobacterial diseases.

show abstract

“…Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis ) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) ( 5 , 6 ). Airborne transmission is the most common method in which M. tuberculosis spreads between healthy and TB-active infected persons ( 7 ). The prevalence of TB in 2019 is approximately 10 million people and decreases by only 1–2% every year ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Mortality Rate of TB/COVID-19 Coinfectetd Patients: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB) are the newest and one of the oldest global threats, respectively. In the COVID-19 era, due to the health system's focus on the COVID-19 epidemic, the national TB control program received less attention, leading to a worsening of the global TB epidemic. In this study, we will review the characteristics of TB patients coinfected with COVID-19.Material and Methods: Using Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases, a systematic search was performed. Case reports and case series on TB/COVID-19 coinfection published from January 1, 2019 to February 24, 2021 were collected. There were no limitations regarding publication language.Results: Eleven case series and 20 case reports were identified from 18 countries, with the majority them being from India (N = 6) and China (N = 4). Overall, 146 patients (114 men and 32 women) coinfected with TB and COVID-19 enrolled. Smoking (15.1%), diabetes (14.4%), and hypertension (8.9%) were the most frequent comorbidities among these patients. The COVID-19 patients with TB mainly suffered fever (78.8%), cough (63.7%), and respiratory distress (22.6%). Hydroxychloroquine (64.0%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (39.5%) were the most common treatments for them. The mortality rate was 13.0% and the rate of discharged patients was 87.0%.Conclusion: Global prevalence of COVID-19-related deaths is 6.6%. Our results showed that 13.0% of patients with TB/COVID-19 died. Thus, this study indicated that coinfection of TB and COVID-19 can increase the mortality. The respiratory symptoms of TB and COVID-19 are very similar, and this causes them to be misdiagnosed. In addition, TB is sometimes diagnosed later than COVID-19 and the severity of the disease worsens, especially in patients with underlying conditions. Therefore, patients with TB should be screened regularly in the COVID-19 era to prevent the spread of the TB/COVID-19 coinfection.

show abstract

Human tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: A review on genetic diversity, pathogenesis and omics approaches in host biomarkers discovery

Cited by 71 publications

References 221 publications

Application of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Antitubercular Drug Delivery: A Review

Application of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Antitubercular Drug Delivery: A Review

Using Omics to Study Leprosy, Tuberculosis, and Other Mycobacterial Diseases

Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Mortality Rate of TB/COVID-19 Coinfectetd Patients: A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About