Quantifiable clinical efficacy of injectable porcine collagen for the treatment of structural dark circles

Abstract

Infraorbital dark circles have become an urgent problem for modern people in recent years. The phenomenon of the "shadow-like appearance" of dark circles due to pigmentation, aging, or deformity makes people look older and more tired. According to the etiology, dark circles are classified into pigmented, vascular, structural, and mixed type. 1 Structural dark circles refer to the infraorbital shadow caused by congenital tear trough deformities or lower eyelid skin relaxation, orbital septum fat bulge, edema and other factors. 1,2

Study on the effect of vibration on solidification structures in the vibration cast‐rolling process

“…can effectively promote the nucleation rate of molten metal, inhibit the growth of columnar crystals, obtain fine equiaxed grains, change the internal flow field and turbulent kinetic energy in the ingot, and prevent the occurrence of segregation and bridging growth. The vibration can greatly improve the quality and mechanical properties of the ingot, so it is very significant to study and improve the vibration casting technology [2–6].…”