In-Situ Iodine Doping Characteristics of Conductive Polyaniline Film Polymerized by Low-Voltage-Driven Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

Abstract

In-situ iodine (I2)-doped atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma polymerization is proposed, based on a newly designed AP plasma reactor with a single wire electrode that enables low-voltage-driven plasma polymerization. The proposed AP plasma reactor can proceed plasma polymerization at low voltage levels, thereby enabling an effective in-situ I2 doping process by maintaining a stable glow discharge state even if the applied voltage increases due to the use of a discharge gas containing a large amount of monomer vapors and doping materials. The results of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) show that the polyaniline (PANI) films are successfully deposited on the silicon (Si) substrates, and that the crosslinking pattern of the synthesized nanoparticles is predominantly vertically aligned. In addition, the in-situ I2-doped PANI film fabricated by the proposed AP plasma reactor exhibits excellent electrical resistance without electrical aging behavior. The developed AP plasma reactor proposed in this study is more advantageous for the polymerization and in-situ I2 doping of conductive polymer films than the existing AP plasma reactor with a dielectric barrier.

A Review of Plasma Synthesis Methods for Polymer Films and Nanoparticles under Atmospheric Pressure Conditions

“…Materials in a gaseous state at room temperature are themselves applied as precursors, whereas materials that exist as liquids are mainly introduced to a plasma region as an aerosol via atomizing or bubbling with gas. GATP methods are commonly used for the deposition of polymer films [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ], as this method allows in-line processing by moving either the APP devices or the substrates [ 39 ].…”

“…Kim et al report a pin-type APPJ with the GB system for synthesizing a conducting polymer [ 63 ] and a transparent polymer [ 64 ]. As shown in Figure 4 c, this device consists of four components: a narrow glass for gas inlet, a wide glass tube as the guide tube, a polytetrafluoroethylene stand as the bluff body, and a tungsten wire electrode to generate plasma.…”

“… ( a ) Setup [ 59 ] and ( b ) photo image [ 62 ] of the APPJ with three array jets and a GB system. ( c ) Configuration [ 63 ] and ( d ) photo image [ 64 ] of the pin-type APPJ with a GB system. …”

Preparations, Properties, and Applications of Polyaniline and Polyaniline Thin Films—A Review

“…A plastic pipe and a bottom cap of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are fixed at the end of a jet for capturing the high-density plasma. As a result, the IPC-APPJ can extend to the downstream end and produce a wide and deep glow plasma at disjointed areas with a low cap [ 85 , 86 ].…”

Improvement of the Uniformity and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline Nanocomposite Film by Addition of Auxiliary Gases during Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization

“…The space enclosed by the guide tube and the substrate stand acts as a passive chamber for polymerization at AP. The guide tube with a 20-mm ID determines the plasma polymerization area, and the polytetrafluoroethylene substrate stand with a 15-mm diameter is also used as a bluff body, which disrupts the gas flow emerging from the APPJ array, allowing the discharge gas and various reactive products to remain inside the guide tube for a longer time [ 33 , 34 ]. To avoid the adverse effect of plasma generation by adding auxiliary gas, the auxiliary gas is directly added to the middle area of the guide tube through a separate gas line, as depicted in Figure 2 a.…”