Office blood pressure measurement: A comprehensive review

Siddique, Saulat; Khan, Aamir Hameed; Shahab, Hunaina; Tay, Jam Chin; Buranakitjaroen, Peera; Turana, Yuda; Verma, Narsingh; Chen, Chen Huan; Wang, Tzung‐Dau; Minh, Huynh Van; Chia, Yook Chin; Kario, Kazuomi

doi:10.1111/jch.14169

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, we demonstrated an additional prognostic value by combining either office central BP or ambulatory daytime BP measurement with office brachial BP measurement. These results may still support the recommendation from several hypertension guidelines 1,16,20 that ambulatory daytime BP values of 130/80 mmHg correspond to office brachial BP values of 130/80 mmHg, with the understanding that BP readings may vary with different office brachial BP measurement devices and protocols 23 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…These results may still support the recommendation from several hypertension guidelines 1,16,20 that ambulatory daytime BP values of 130/80 mmHg correspond to office brachial BP values of 130/80 mmHg, with the understanding that BP readings may vary with different office brachial BP measurement devices and protocols. 23…”

Section: /80 Mmhg As a Hypertension Threshold For Ambulatory Daytime ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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130/80 mmHg as a unifying hypertension threshold for office brachial, office central, and ambulatory daytime brachial blood pressure

Chen

Cheng

Chang

et al. 2023

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The present study investigated the prognostic values for office brachial (OB), office central (OC), and ambulatory daytime brachial (AmDB) hypertension, as defined by a unifying threshold of 130/80 mmHg, and the incremental value of either OC or AmDB hypertension to OB hypertension. A total of 1219 community residents without receiving anti‐hypertensive treatment (671 men and 548 women, aged ≥ 30 years old) from central Taiwan and Kinmen islands had OB, OC, and AmDB blood pressure measurements during a cardiovascular survey conducted in 1992–1993. OB hypertension, OC hypertension, and AmDB hypertension were all defined in retrospect at the threshold of 130/80 mmHg. They were followed up for nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular events until December 31, 2017, by linking the baseline database to the National Health Insurance Research dataset and the National Death Registry. During a follow‐up of 25 612.5 person‐years (Average event‐free time: 21.0 years), there were 368 fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. In multivariable analyses, OB hypertension, OC hypertension, and AmDB hypertension had similar hazard ratios for cardiovascular events [2.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.47‐2.80]; 1.92 (1.47‐2.51); and 1.79 (1.41‐2.29), respectively. Using OB normotension as the reference, either the concordant OB and OC hypertension [2.24 (1.61‐3.12)], or the concordant OB and AmDB hypertension [2.52 (1.80‐3.54)] was significantly associated with cardiovascular events. Moreover, OB hypertension plus AmDB normotension was also significantly associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. We concluded that OB hypertension, OC hypertension, and AmDB hypertension defined by a unifying threshold of 130/80 mmHg may provide similar estimates of long‐term risk for cardiovascular events. Cross‐classification analyses suggest that addition of OC hypertension or AmDB hypertension may improve the prognostic value of OB hypertension.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: /80 Mmhg As a Hypertension Threshold For Ambulatory Daytime ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

130/80 mmHg as a unifying hypertension threshold for office brachial, office central, and ambulatory daytime brachial blood pressure

Chen

Cheng

Chang

et al. 2023

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…This may have resulted in an overestimation/ underestimation of hypertension to some extent. Furthermore, due to data limitations, white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension, conditions in which a patient's blood pressure readings are inaccurate due to the nature of settings in which BP measurements are taken [56], couldn't be accounted for. Despite these limitations, the present study made a reasonable contribution to the understanding of the contributing factors of the rural-urban gap in undiagnosed, untreated and undertreated hypertension among the older adults in India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposing the rural–urban gap in the prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated and under-treated hypertension among older adults in India

Boro

Banerjee

2022

BMC Public Health

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Background Although awareness and treatment rates of hypertension have significantly improved in recent years, the prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension remains a major public health concern for Indian policymakers. While the urban–rural variation in the prevalence, diagnosis, control, and treatment of hypertension is reasonably well-documented, the explanation behind such variation remains poorly understood given the dearth of studies conducted on exploring the determinants of the rural–urban gap in the prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated, and uncontrolled hypertension in India. In view of this research gap, our paper aims to decompose the inter-group differences between rural and urban areas in undiagnosed, untreated, and undertreated hypertension among older adults in India into the major contributing factors. Methods Nationally representative data collected in the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India, Wave-1 (2017–18), was utilized for this study. Maximum-likelihood binary logistic-regression models were employed to capture the crude and adjusted associations between the place of residence and prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated, and undertreated hypertension. Fairlie’s decomposition technique was used to decompose the inter-group differences between rural and urban residents in the prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated, and undertreated hypertension among the older population in India, into the major contributing factors, in order to explore the pathways through which these differences manifest. Results The overall prevalence rates of undiagnosed, untreated, and undertreated hypertension among older adults were 42.3%, 6%, and 18.7%, respectively. However, the prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension was higher in rural areas, by 12.4 and 1.7 percentage-points, respectively, while undertreated hypertension was more prevalent in the urban areas (by 7.2 percentage-points). The decomposition analysis explained roughly 41% and 34% of the urban advantage over rural areas in the case of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension, while it explained 51% of the urban disadvantage in respect of undertreated hypertension. The rural–urban differentials in education and comorbidities accounted for the majority of the explained rural disadvantage in the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension, explaining 13.51% and 13.27% of the gap, respectively. The regional factor was found to be the major driver behind urban advantage in the prevalence of untreated hypertension, contributing 37.47% to the overall gap. In the case of undertreated hypertension, education, comorbidities, and tobacco consumption were the major contributors to the urban–rural inequality, which accounted for 12.3%, 10.6%, and 9.8% of the gap, respectively. Conclusion Socio-economic and lifestyle factors seemed to contribute significantly to the urban–rural gap in undiagnosed, untreated and undertreated hypertension in India among older adults. There is an urgent need of creating awareness programmes for the early identification of hypertensive cases and regular treatment, particularly in under-serviced rural India. Interventions should be made targeting specific population groups to tackle inequality in healthcare utilization.

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“…Nevertheless, if DBP remained in the 70 to 79 mmHg range, those subgroups also showed the benefit of further SBP lowering. Notably, a more prominent observer error in the lower BP ranges is possibly related to interpreting the Korotkoff sounds [ 36 , 37 ]. Therefore, in isolated systolic hypertension, clinicians should accurately measure DBP for optimal management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: full report of the Korean Hypertension Cohort

Lee

Bak

Kim

et al. 2023

Korean J Intern Med

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Background/Aims: This study evaluated the long-term cardiovascular complications among Korean patients with hypertension and compared them with that of controls without hypertension. Methods: The Korean Hypertension Cohort (KHC) enrolled 11,043 patients with hypertension and followed them for more than 10 years. Age-and sex-matched controls without hypertension were enrolled at a 1:10 ratio. We compared the incidence of cardiovascular events and death among patients and controls without hypertension. Results: The mean age was 59 years, and 34.8% and 16.5% of the patients belonged to the high and moderate cardiovascular risk groups, respectively. During the 10-year follow-up, 1,591 cardiovascular events (14.4%) with 588 deaths (5.3%) occurred among patients with hypertension and 7,635 cardiovascular events (6.9%) with 4,826 deaths (4.4%) occurred among controls. Even the low-risk population with hypertension showed a higher cardiovascular event rate than the population without hypertension. Although blood pressure measurements in the clinic showed remarkable inaccuracy compared with those measured in the national health examinations, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 150 mmHg was significantly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusions: This long-term follow-up study confirmed the cardiovascular event rates among Korean hypertensive patients were substantial, reaching 15% in 10 years. SBP levels ≥ 150 mmHg were highly associated with occurrence of cardiovascular event rates.

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Office blood pressure measurement: A comprehensive review

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

130/80 mmHg as a unifying hypertension threshold for office brachial, office central, and ambulatory daytime brachial blood pressure

130/80 mmHg as a unifying hypertension threshold for office brachial, office central, and ambulatory daytime brachial blood pressure

Decomposing the rural–urban gap in the prevalence of undiagnosed, untreated and under-treated hypertension among older adults in India

Long-term cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: full report of the Korean Hypertension Cohort

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