Long-term cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: full report of the Korean Hypertension Cohort

Abstract

Background/Aims: This study evaluated the long-term cardiovascular complications among Korean patients with hypertension and compared them with that of controls without hypertension. Methods: The Korean Hypertension Cohort (KHC) enrolled 11,043 patients with hypertension and followed them for more than 10 years. Age-and sex-matched controls without hypertension were enrolled at a 1:10 ratio. We compared the incidence of cardiovascular events and death among patients and controls without hypertension. Results: The mean age was 59 years, and 34.8% and 16.5% of the patients belonged to the high and moderate cardiovascular risk groups, respectively. During the 10-year follow-up, 1,591 cardiovascular events (14.4%) with 588 deaths (5.3%) occurred among patients with hypertension and 7,635 cardiovascular events (6.9%) with 4,826 deaths (4.4%) occurred among controls. Even the low-risk population with hypertension showed a higher cardiovascular event rate than the population without hypertension. Although blood pressure measurements in the clinic showed remarkable inaccuracy compared with those measured in the national health examinations, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 150 mmHg was significantly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusions: This long-term follow-up study confirmed the cardiovascular event rates among Korean hypertensive patients were substantial, reaching 15% in 10 years. SBP levels ≥ 150 mmHg were highly associated with occurrence of cardiovascular event rates.

Uncontrolled hypertension is associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent postpercutaneous coronary intervention: A nationwide population-based study

“…The patients’ PCI status was ascertained using the following procedure codes: M6551-M6554, M6561-M6566, M6572, and M6572 11 . Hypertension was defined as a SBP of ≥140 mmHg or DBP of ≥90 mmHg recorded in the health examination or the use of antihypertensive medications combined with the ICD-10 codes (I10-13, I15) 12 . Dyslipidemia was defined as an ICD-10 code of E78 and a history of lipid-lowering drug use or a total serum cholesterol level ≥240 mg/dL recorded in the health examination database 13 .…”

“…The patients' PCI status was ascertained using the following procedure codes: M6551-M6554, M6561-M6566, M6572, and M6572 11 . Hypertension was defined as a SBP of 140 mmHg or DBP of 90 mmHg recorded in the health examination or the use of antihypertensive medications combined with the ICD-10 codes (I10-13, I15) 12 .…”

Association between office visit intervals and long‐term cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients

“…A post‐hoc analysis was conducted with subgroups of age, sex, and cardiovascular risks to adjust for potential selection bias. The detailed statistical analysis method has been described previously 12,13 . Statistical analyses were performed using SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute, Cary, NC) and R software (version 4.0.3; R project).…”

“…The matched variables were sex and age, on a case‐to‐case basis. The full results have been previously published 12–14 . The study protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards of each participating hospital, including the coordinating center (H‐1810‐056‐977), and the need to obtain informed consent from patients was waived prior to patient enrollment.…”

Clinical and epidemiological implications of the data on the Korean clinical hypertension cohort

“…Lee et al [ 1 ] reported long-term cardiovascular (CV) events in a multi-center clinical hypertension cohort, stating that the overall CV event rate was 15%, thus 19.4%, 13.3%, and 11.2% in high-, moderate-, and low-risk groups, respectively. The operational definitions of the CV risk groups are not fully consistent with the current guidelines.…”