Radioprotective effect of melatonin against radiotherapy-induced cerebral cortex and cerebellum damage in rat

Aras, Serhat; Efendioğlu, Mustafa; Aini, Wulamujiang; Özkanli, Sıdıka Şeyma; Keleş, Mevlüt Sait; Tanzer, İhsan Oğuz

doi:10.1080/09553002.2021.1864047

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Melatonin via inhibition of NF-kB, COX-2, and iNOS enzymes has the ability to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Attenuation of these enzymes' activities is associated with reduced level of oxidative stress, infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes, as well as suppression of fibrosis, which prevents radio-induced pneumonitis and lung fibrosis [103], and also heart [104] and brain [105] damage associated with radiation exposition.…”

Section: Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotectors, Radiomitigators, and Radiosensitizers

Montoro,

Obrador,

Mistry

et al. 2023

Radiobiology Textbook

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This chapter gives an overview of molecules and mechanisms able to intervene with the biological effects of ionizing radiation (IR), either related to their clinical use in radiotherapy or in the field of radiation protection in case of an accidental exposure to radiation and/or nuclear emergencies. According to the National Cancer Institute, “radiomodifiers” can be classified into (a) radioprotectors (protect molecules and tissues from direct and indirect damage induced by IR) or (b) radiomitigators (reduce and help to repair damage), depending on whether they are administered pre- or post-IR exposure, respectively. Most of them are free radical scavengers and antioxidants (or enhancers of the antioxidant defenses), increase DNA repair mechanisms, have anti-inflammatory properties, and/or prevent cell death. On the other hand, (c) radiosensitizers directly or indirectly enhance DNA damage and ROS production, increasing IR toxicity on tumor cells, thus they are used to increase radiotherapy efficacy in cancer patients. The section “Radionuclides and methods to treat contaminated individuals” describes the medical consequences and treatment modalities of internal contamination by radionuclides. Overall, the chapter discusses the effects of most currently known radiomodifiers, their specific properties, and their mechanisms of action, by emphasizing results obtained in recent preclinical and clinical trials.

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Section: Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotectors, Radiomitigators, and Radiosensitizers

Montoro,

Obrador,

Mistry

et al. 2023

Radiobiology Textbook

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Radiation sensitivity of biological systems, its modification by chemical modifiers and its quantitative evaluation

Múčka,

Čuba

2024

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Large number of sensitizers and protectors of cells, tissues, organs and organisms are being discussed in this review. Attention is paid to metals, nanoparticles or organic compounds as modifiers. They can modify the radiation sensitivity by 20–60%. In most cases, sensitization is caused by an increase in DNA damage or a decrease in the repair of radiation damage. The protection can be caused in many cases by repair of damaged DNA molecules, proteins or enzymes, or by reducing the ROS concentration. The most current research tasks in this area are formulated. A new quantitative and reproducible method of evaluating modifiers is discussed.

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