Marine protected areas in Latin America and Caribbean threatened by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Nunes, Beatriz Zachello; Zanardi-Lamardo, Eliete; Choueri, Rodrigo Brasil; Castro, Ítalo Braga

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116194

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Machado & Fillmann (2010), Magalhães & Araújo (2012), ICMBio (2018b), Stelmack et al (2018) e Nunes et al (2023a) relataram ocorrências de resíduos sólidos em UC brasileiras, indicando que praticamente toda a costa brasileira está impactada por alguma forma de poluição, inclusive dentro de áreas que deveri-am estar sendo protegidas. Além disso, esse problema não se limita ao Brasil, pois a presença de poluentes tem sido reportada em inúmeras áreas marinhas protegidas ao redor do mundo (Abessa et al, 2018, Nunes et al, 2021, 2023a, 2023b.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Gestão da poluição nas Unidades de Conservação marinhas e costeiras do Estado de São Paulo

Navi

Abessa

2023

Revista CEPSUL

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O litoral do Estado de São Paulo (SP) está inserido nos biomas marinhos e da Mata Atlântica, sendo considerado um hotspot de biodiversidade, altamente sensível aos impactos antrópicos. Por esse motivo, abriga várias Unidades de Conservação (UC), embora sofra pressões e ameaças das múltiplas atividades humanas desenvolvidas na zona costeira, das quais destacam-se as diferentes formas de poluição aquática. Este estudo analisou as estratégias de prevenção e gestão da poluição de 20 UC marinhas e costeiras de SP, por meio de revisão de informações disponíveis na literatura e nos planos de manejo (quando existentes), focando em algumas formas de poluição, como resíduos sólidos, Petrechos de Pesca Abandonados, Perdidos ou Descartados (PP-APD), esgoto e óleo. As informações obtidas foram analisadas qualitativamente para cada subtema, organizadas conforme o modelo Pressão-Estado-Resposta, permitindo a comparação entre as UC. Todas as unidades com plano de manejo citaram a poluição como possível fonte de ameaças à conservação ambiental, e algumas já possuíram programas de monitoramento dos poluentes, porém de forma temporária ou pontual. Metade delas relatou precariedade em seus programas de fiscalização. Pode-se concluir que as UC analisadas, em sua gestão e planejamento, dão pouca importância à poluição, pois os planos geralmente dão mais ênfase à pesca e ao uso público, a despeito da possibilidade de serem afetadas por poluentes advindos de diferentes fontes. É necessário reforçar os estudos e monitoramentos sobre poluição nas UC, criar mecanismos de comunicação e educação, assim como intensificar os programas de fiscalização na gestão das unidades.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Gestão da poluição nas Unidades de Conservação marinhas e costeiras do Estado de São Paulo

Navi

Abessa

2023

Revista CEPSUL

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“…Protected areas, such as national parks, are created for conservation purposes and seek to protect the local biodiversity. Recent studies have demonstrated chemical impacts within protected zones severely threatening local species despite low contaminant concentrations [68,69]. Considering that water quality parameters adopted worldwide were developed based on urban areas, those limits may fail to assure environmental protection to pristine zones [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Maritime Traffic on Water Quality Parameters in Santa Marta, Colombia

Rodríguez-Grimón

Campos

Castro

2021

JMSE

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Since 2013, there has been an increase (>23%) in naval traffic using maritime routes and ports on the coastal fringe of Santa Marta, Colombia. Of major concern, and described by several studies, is the relationship between maritime traffic and coastal contamination. This study proposed a maritime traffic indicator considering the simultaneous effects of several relevant measurements of water quality parameters to estimate the impact of naval activity. The approach involved developing a model including the number of vessels, hull length, and permanence time in berths. In addition, water quality variables, considering climatic seasons, were used to verify association with maritime traffic and touristic activities. The high concentrations of total coliforms (TC) and dissolved/dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons in chrysene equivalents (DDPH) reported by the International Marina of Santa Marta (SM) were affected by the local anthropic activities, including tourism, naval traffic, and urban wastewater discharges. Moreover, our results suggest the occurrence of multiple chemical impacts within Tayrona National Natural Park (PNNT) affecting conservation goals. The estimation of the maritime traffic indicator proposed in this study may be an easy and more complete tool for future studies evaluating the impact of naval activities on environmental quality.

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“…It is important to highlight that pollution is one of the five main contemporary threats to biodiversity. In this regard, two review studies exhaustively assessed contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-PAH (Nunes et al 2021) and tributyltin (Castro et al 2021a, b) throughout Latin America and found 53 and 36 contaminated MPAs over the last decade. Thus, the high number of MPAs affected by this single and extensive oil spill (57) indicates that environmental impacts are difficult to overcome in the ocean basin.…”

Section: Ecological Impacts: Protected Areas Tropical Ecosystems and Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oil spills generate short-and long-term impacts that require science-based policy to mitigate damage and enable recovery of the affected areas (Beyer et al 2016;Nunes et al 2021). Recently (2019/2020), the Brazilian coast endured a mysterious oil spill that affected 11 states and approximately 2890 km of its tropical coastline (Escobar 2019; Disner and Torres 2020; Magris and Giarrizzo 2020;Soares et al 2020a, b).…”

Section: Introduction: the Underrated And Mysterious Oil Spill In The South Atlantic Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The most extensive oil spill registered in tropical oceans (Brazil): the balance sheet of a disaster

Soares

Teixeira

Bezerra

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This article presents a synthesis of information about the massive oil spill in Brazil (2019/2020). The event affected 11 states; however, the majority of the oil residue was collected (~ 5380 tons) near nine states (99.8%) in northeastern Brazil. This spill was not the largest in volume (between 5000 m 3 and 12,000 m 3 ) recorded in tropical oceans, but it was the most extensive (2890 km). This spill develops an overwashed tar that remains mostly in the undersurface drift (non-floating oil plume) below 17 m of depth while on the continental shelf. Ten ecosystems were impacted, with potentially more severe effects in mangroves and seagrasses. Certain negative effects are still understudied, such as effects on tropical reefs and rhodolith beds. A total of 57 protected areas in seven management categories were affected, most of which (60%) were characterized as multiple-use regions. The spill affected at least 34 threatened species, with impacts detected on plankton and benthic communities. Acute impacts were reported on echinoderms, coral symbionts, polychaetes, and sponges with evidence of oil ingestion. Socioeconomic impacts were detected in food security, public health, lodging, gender equality, tourism, and fishing, with reduced sales, prices, tourist attractiveness, gross domestic product, and employment. Moreover, chemical contamination was detected in some states by toxic metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (acenaphthalene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene). This summary aims to aid in the design of science-based strategies to understand the impacts and develop strategies for the most extensive spill observed in tropical oceans.

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Marine protected areas in Latin America and Caribbean threatened by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 24 publications

References 68 publications

Gestão da poluição nas Unidades de Conservação marinhas e costeiras do Estado de São Paulo

Gestão da poluição nas Unidades de Conservação marinhas e costeiras do Estado de São Paulo

Effect of Maritime Traffic on Water Quality Parameters in Santa Marta, Colombia

The most extensive oil spill registered in tropical oceans (Brazil): the balance sheet of a disaster

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