Environmental aspects of the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias – Colombia

Oliveira, Marcos L.S.; Neckel, Alcindo; Silva, Luis; Dotto, Guilherme Luiz; Maculan, Laércio Stolfo

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129119

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…For Neckel et al ( 2016 ), exposure to excess manganese in the environment has been shown to cause Parkinson's disease in humans. Furthermore, Capitani ( 2009 ), Morillas et al ( 2019 ), Kortei et al ( 2020 ), Neckel et al ( 2021 ) and Oliveira et al ( 2021a , b ) have shown that lead, when absorbed by the human body, becomes a potent neurotoxin, causing negative consequences to the central and peripheral nervous system, hematopoietic, cardiovascular, neuromuscular and reproductive system impairment, and lead contamination, presents indexes with the cause of kidney failure and spontaneous abortions. The levels of these metals found in the top layers of the cemeteries’ soil are quite concerning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals in the soil of urban cemeteries in Carazinho (South Brazil) in view of the increase in deaths from COVID-19: projects for cemeteries to mitigate environmental impacts

Neckel

Korcelski

Silva

et al. 2021

Environ Dev Sustain

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The increasing mortality of COVID-19 can aggravate soil contamination by metals, harmful to the health of the population, requiring new projects for future cemeteries capable of mitigating these impacts to the environment, justifying the importance of studying the concentrations of metals in the soil of urban cemeteries. The paper analyzed the levels of metals in the soil of urban cemeteries in the City of Carazinho, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, located in southern Brazil, considering the increase in deaths by COVID-19, for the purpose of future projects for cemeteries aimed at mitigating the impacts generated on the environment. The soils of the three urban cemeteries in Carazinho were sampled, with 5 internal and external points, with 3 repetitions at depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm, adding 180 samples to measure the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb (g kg −1 ), considering the analytical sequence: (1) analysis in triplicate with mean deviation (RDS); (2) R2 of the analytical curve; (3) traceability of the pattern of each metal; (4) quantification limit of each metal (QL), with the performance of nitroperchloric digestion of the samples and the determinations of metals by flame modality atomic absorption spectrometry. Quantitative data on deaths by COVID-19 were analyzed by univariate modeling of time series, in the integrated autoregressive moving averages model. The results of this study were made available to fifteen architects, who attributed future solutions for environmentally sustainable cemeteries. The results showed high levels of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) in the soil of the cemeteries studied. Considering the increase in deaths and subsequent burials per COVID-19 revealed a prediction for the death toll of 6,082,306 for June 9, 2022, it is assumed that metal contamination can reach even higher levels. To mitigate these levels of contamination by metals, 80% of the architect respondents expressed their preference for a vertical cemetery, with treatment of gases and effluents to mitigate environmental impacts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals in the soil of urban cemeteries in Carazinho (South Brazil) in view of the increase in deaths from COVID-19: projects for cemeteries to mitigate environmental impacts

Neckel

Korcelski

Silva

et al. 2021

Environ Dev Sustain

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“…The classification as P3 is considered extreme due to accelerator effect in the corrosion process of metallic materials and limestones, generating reactions that produce dissolved acids. Results by Oliveira et al [9] establishes that vehicular traffic near The Walled City of Cartagena de Indias probably damages the surface of the building materials.…”

Section: Influence Of Pollution and Climate In The Deterioration Of A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deterioration of different materials due to air pollution [3] seriously affects the cultural wealth of the architectural heritage [8,9]. Protection and conservation must be a responsibility of each state, city, or municipality [9][10][11]. The aggressive pollutants that increase the deterioration processes of materials are gases such as SO 2 , NOx, O 3 , atmospheric particles (PM) [12,13], salt spray, organic acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-PAHs [9,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protection and conservation must be a responsibility of each state, city, or municipality [9][10][11]. The aggressive pollutants that increase the deterioration processes of materials are gases such as SO 2 , NOx, O 3 , atmospheric particles (PM) [12,13], salt spray, organic acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-PAHs [9,[14][15][16]. Additionally, the effect of climate (temperature, relative humidity, (RH), precipitation and wind) [17] has a significant influence in the deterioration of materials in coastal areas [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Environmental Pollution in the Sustainability of Architectural Heritage: Case Study from Cartagena of India, Colombia

et al. 2021

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Limited studies have been carried out in emerging nations on the correlation among the environmental pollution, economic factors, and architectural heritage. For this reason, this research presents an assessment of environmental parameter values on materials deterioration used in architectural heritage in Cartagena de Indias; furthermore, it depicts the effect of heritage degradation on socioeconomic aspects of people whose livelihood depends on trade, tourism, and service activities. Dose-response functions were used for estimating of deterioration of carbon steel, copper, and zinc caused by relative humidity (RH), temperature (T), sulphur dioxide deposition (DSO2), and chloride deposition (DCl−). In addition, socioeconomic impact on architectural heritage was studied using a Socioeconomic Impact Survey (SEIS), with the sample of 174 individuals who work in areas of great architectural value in the city. The results show a corrosion rate (Vcorr) in the range of 80 < Vcorr < 200, 2.8 < Vcorr < 5.6 and 4.2 < Vcorr < 8.4 μm/year for carbon steel, copper, and zinc, respectively, due to the high level of pollutants. The high deterioration jointly with the lack of citizen culture affect the architectural heritage monuments causing a negative impact in several economic aspects. The establishment of public programs is essential for the conservation of the heritage monuments of the city.

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Nanoparticles and interfaces with toxic elements in fluvial suspended sediment

Silva

Dotto

Pinto

et al. 2021

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Studies examining nanoparticles (NPs) and hazardous elements (HEs) contained in suspended sediments (SSs) are vital for watershed administration and ecological impact evaluation. The biochemical consequence of titanium-nanoparticles (Ti-NPs) from SSs in Colombia's Magdalena River was examined utilizing an innovative approach involving nanogeochemistry in this study. In general, the toxicity and the human health risk assessment associated with the presence of some Ti-NPs + HEs in SSs from riverine systems need to be determined with a robust analytical procedure. The mode of occurrence of Ti-NPs, total Ti and other elements contained within SSs of the Magdalena River were evaluated through advanced electron microscopy (field emission scanning electron microscope-FE-SEM and high resolution transmission electron microscope-HR-TEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (EDS); X-Ray Diffractions (XRD); and inductively coupled plasma-mass pectrometry (ICP-MS). This work showed that enormous quantities of Ti-NPs were present in the river studied and that they displayed diverse eochemical properties and posed various possible ecological dangers. Ti-NP contamination indices must be established for measuring the environmental magnitudes of NP contamination and determining contamination rank among rivers. Finally, SS contamination guidelines must be recommended on an international level. This study contributes to the scientific understanding of the relationship of HE and Ti-NP dynamics from SSs in riverine systems around the world.

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Environmental aspects of the depreciation of the culturally significant Wall of Cartagena de Indias – Colombia

Cited by 11 publications

References 72 publications

Metals in the soil of urban cemeteries in Carazinho (South Brazil) in view of the increase in deaths from COVID-19: projects for cemeteries to mitigate environmental impacts

Metals in the soil of urban cemeteries in Carazinho (South Brazil) in view of the increase in deaths from COVID-19: projects for cemeteries to mitigate environmental impacts

Impact of Environmental Pollution in the Sustainability of Architectural Heritage: Case Study from Cartagena of India, Colombia

Nanoparticles and interfaces with toxic elements in fluvial suspended sediment

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