Impact of vitamin D on human embryo implantation—a prospective cohort study in women undergoing fresh embryo transfer

Abstract

Objective: To measure free and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] immediately before embryo transfer and analyze its association with early pregnancy outcome parameters such as biochemical pregnancy, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rates in women undergoing fresh embryo transfer after their first ovarian hyperstimulation. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Academically affiliated private fertility center. Patient(s): A total of 2,569 women undergoing fresh embryo transfer after ovarian hyperstimulation. Interventions(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): The study end points were biochemical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, early miscarriages, and ongoing pregnancy rate. Free and total 25(OH)D concentrations were measured 1 day before embryo transfer. Result(s): Total 25(OH)D correlated with free 25(OH)D. Total and free 25(OH)D serum concentrations were similar in those patients reaching and not reaching the study outcomes (biochemical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, early miscarriages, and ongoing pregnancy rate). There was likewise no statistical difference when analyzing the frequency of all study outcomes in quintiles of either total or free 25(OH)D. In addition, the study population was divided into three groups according to the total vitamin D status based on clinical practice guideline. All outcomes were similar in women with adequate, insufficient, and deficient total 25(OH)D. Multiple linear regression analysis considering confounding likewise indicated no association of free or total vitamin D with any of the study outcomes. Conclusion(s):Neither free nor total 25(OH)D concentration at embryo transfer was associated with successful embryo implantation in women undergoing fresh transfer after ovarian hyperstimulation. (Fertil Steril Ò 2021;115:655-64. Ó2020 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) El resumen está disponible en Español al final del artículo.

Blastocyst Transfer: A Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

“…Participating women received pituitary downregulation protocols exactly as described recently ( 11 , 12 ) (also see study protocol). The reproductive therapy of choice was a transfer of 2 cleavage embryos 3 days after fertilization.…”

“…Then the embryo was graded as I to IV according to the following criteria: fragmentation, cell symmetry, nucleation, spatial orientation, compaction, and presence of vacuoles ( 13 ). Embryos scored 7C-II or above were defined as good-quality cleavage embryos in our current study ( 12 ).…”

“…The trophectoderm was also graded as A to C based on the number and size of cells forming a cohesive or loose epithelium ( 14 ). Blastocysts scored 4BB or above were defined as good-quality blastocysts in our current study ( 12 ).…”

Pregnancy outcome after in‐vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection in women with congenital uterus didelphys

“…The level of serum β‐hCG was routinely measured at 14 or 12 days after the transfer of day‐3 embryos or day‐5 blastocysts, respectively, to confirm the outcome. If the serum β‐hCG level was above 200 U/L (biochemical pregnancy) 27 , TVS was scheduled for 2 weeks later to determine the presence of a gestational sac (clinical pregnancy) 31 with or without a fetal pole and fetal heart activity. All TVS scans during the first trimester were performed by experienced sonographers at our imaging department.…”

“…One to three good-/fair-quality embryos were transferred into the uterine cavity on day 3 or day 5 of embryo development. Criteria for scoring the embryo/blastocyst have been described previously [27][28][29][30] .…”