The Use of Cyclodextrin or its Complexes as a Potential Treatment Against the 2019 Novel Coronavirus: A Mini-Review

Abstract

: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread rapidly since its discovery in December 2019 in the Chinese province of Hubei, reaching this day, all the continents. This scourge is, unfortunately, in lineage with various dangerous outbreaks such as Ebola, Cholera, Spanish flu, American seasonal flu. Until today, the best solution for the moment remains prevention (Social distancing, hand disinfection, use of masks, partial or total sanitary containment, etc.), there is also the emergence of drug treatment (research and development, clinical trials, use on patients). Recent reviews emphasized the role of membrane lipids in the infectivity mechanism of SARS-COV-2. Cholesterol-rich parts of cell membranes serve as docking places of host cells for the viruses. Coronavirus 2 is a member of a virus family with lipid envelope that fuses with host cell through endocytosis, internalizing its components in the cell. In vitro cell models have shown that depletion of cholesterol by cyclodextrin, and particularly methyl beta cyclodextrin disturb the host cell membrane lipid composition this way reducing the attachment of the virus to the protein receptors. This review aims to summarize the state of the art of research concerning the use of cyclodextrin or its complexes as a potential treatment against this new virus and update work already published.

Structural dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants: A health monitoring strategy for anticipating Covid-19 outbreaks

“…Disrupting lipid raft organization (e.g. with methyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment) blocks virus infection at this early stage as demonstrated for a broad range of animal and human viruses 30 , 31 , 32 , including coronaviruses in general [ 33 , 34 ] and SARS-CoV-2 in particular [35] . Since lipid raft gangliosides are negatively charged, the electrostatic potential of the spike protein is a key parameter which has to be considered to understand the biology and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants.…”

β-Cyclodextrins as affordable antivirals to treat coronavirus infection

“…Further work should address the potential activity of these compounds in ameliorating SARS-CoV-2 infection in relevant animal models. The well-known safety profiles of β-CDs render these molecules as ideal candidates to develop affordable prophylactic and therapeutic compounds against coronaviruses (Fatmi et al, 2021; Sorice et al, 2020). Such drugs, which are already approved for clinical use in nasal spray devices (Guard et al, 1989; Paolacci et al, 2021), may be easier to deploy in low income countries compared to vaccines, which often require cold storage and must be administered by trained personnel.…”

History of cyclodextrin-based polymers in food and pharmacy: a review

“…A comprehensive review on cyclodextrin-based carriers for delivery of chemotherapeutic cytotoxic anticancer drugs Gonzalez-Gaitano et al (2016) Drug carrier systems based on cyclodextrin supramolecular assemblies and polymers: present and perspectives Mejia-Ariza et al (2017) Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular nanoparticles for biomedical applications Peng et al (2017) Polymeric nanocarriers based on cyclodextrins for drug delivery: host-guest interaction as stimuli responsive linker Adeoye and Cabral-Marques (2017) Cyclodextrin nanosystems in oral drug delivery: A mini review Alvarez-Lorenzo et al (2017) Cyclodextrins as versatile building blocks for regenerative medicine Fenyvesi et al (2019) Applications of steroid drugs entrapped in cyclodextrins Topuz and Uyar (2019) Electrospinning of cyclodextrin functional nanofibres for drug delivery applications Yao et al (2019) Cyclodextrin-based polymer materials: From controlled synthesis to applications Zhang et al (2019) Cyclodextrin-based delivery systems for cancer treatment Ciesielska et al (2020) Biomedical application of cyclodextrin polymers crosslinked via dianhydrides of carboxylic acids Haley et al (2020) Cyclodextrins in drug delivery: applications in gene and combination therapy Qie et al (2020) Advances in cyclodextrin polymers and their applications in biomedicine Seidi et al (2020) Polycyclodextrins: synthesis, functionalization, and applications Tian et al (2020a) Cyclodextrin-based delivery systems for chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs: a review Tian et al (2020b) Cyclodextrin as a magic switch in covalent and non-covalent anticancer drug release systems Wankar et al (2020) Recent advances in host-guest self-assembled cyclodextrin carriers: implications for responsive drug delivery and biomedical engineering Sofiane et al (2020) The use of cyclodextrin or its complexes as a potential treatment against the 2019 novel coronavirus: a mini-review…”

“…In addition, some other recent reviews also include a section on cyclodextrin-based systems (Larrañeta et al 2018 ; Levack et al 2018 ; Solanki et al 2018 ; Gim et al 2019 ). Cyclodextrins have also been recently used to design treatments against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Carrouel et al 2020 ; Ergoren et al 2020 ; Sofiane et al 2020 ; Szente et al 2021 ).…”

“…Cyclodextrins have also been recently used to design treatments against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Carrouel et al 2020 ; Ergoren et al 2020 ; Sofiane et al 2020 ; Szente et al 2021 ).…”