Visible-light-driven photocatalytic disinfection of raw surface waters (300–5000 CFU/mL) using reusable coated Ru/WO3/ZrO2

Solar photo-oxidation of recalcitrant industrial wastewater: a review

“…Because the operating configuration, irradiation fluxes, strength, and wavelengths used were all different, the results are mostly unrelated, and a direct comparison is impossible. According to reports, the optimal catalyst loading for photo-mineralization and photo-disinfection varies depending on the size of the photo-reactor (Fouad et al 2021c). Furthermore, in terms of effective photon absorption and water flow hydrodynamics, the diameter of the photo-reactor must be determined (Ramalingam et al 2022;Wang et al 2022a).…”

“…Similar to the falling film reactor, W-titanium dioxide was coated on tilted aluminum plates under simulated solar light for improving the reusability of the catalyst without the need for a tedious collecting process (Fouad et al 2020). This design was further improved by including an additional chamber with a vertical coated plate to increase the irradiation time per water cycle showing high reusability of different photocatalysts (Samy et al 2020b(Samy et al , c, e, 2021Fouad et al 2021c).…”

Towards Scaling-up Photocatalytic Process for Multiphase Environmental Applications: A Review

“…By this configuration, complete degradation of 30 mg/L sulfamethazine was attained in 120 min and the reuse for five consecutive cycles showed that catalyst could retain 90% of its initial performance. A similar geometry was used for the disinfection of real surface waters collected from the intakes of water treatment plants by Ru-WO3/ZrO2 using visible light [53]. The photocatalytic system could disinfect different water samples of 300 to 5000 CFU.mL -1 (CFU: colony-forming units) that include gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and the coated plates kept their activity after four cycles of consecutive reuse.…”

“…The photocatalytic activity can be also inhibited by the accumulation of NOM on the surface of photocatalyst particles, which blocks the active sites and reduces the illuminated area [53]. This accumulation decreases the production of ROS even if the catalyst is well illuminated.…”

“…Comparable examples of real industrial and municipal wastewaters detoxified by photocatalysis were recently reviewed elsewhere [3,75]. In a different application, Fouad et al studied the disinfection of real surface waters collected from the intakes of water treatment plants in the Nile Delta using Ru-WO3/ZrO2 [53].…”