High dietary energy content increases inflammatory markers after lipopolysaccharide challenge in meat ducks

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary energy concentration on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver of meat ducks challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 600 1-d-old Cherry Valley meat ducks were randomly assigned to 10 treatments with six replicate cages of 10 birds/pen. A 5 × 2 factorial arrangement in a complete randomized design experiment was used to study the effect of five concentrations of dietary metabolizable energy (ME, 2,800, 2,900, 3,000, 3,100, and 3,200 kcal/kg) with or without a challenge with LPS in meat ducks. All experimental ducks were intraperitoneally injected with either 0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline at 15, 17, and 19 d of age. The results showed that LPS challenge significantly decreased (P < 0.05) BW (d 21), body weight gain (d 15-21) and average daily feed intake (ADFI; d 15-21), and markedly increased (P < 0.05) relative spleen weight, serum total protein concentration, and the mRNA expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and Avian Beta Defensin 10 (AVBD-10) in the liver of meat ducks. Ducks fed 3,200 kcal/kg ME diet had the lowest (P < 0.05) ADFI than those fed with the other diets. Additionally, there were significantly LPS by diet interactions on IL-6, interferon-γ, TGF-β, AVBD-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression (P < 0.05), wherein a more pronounced liver inflammatory response was observed in birds fed high-energy diets (3,100 and 3,200 kcal/kg ME) than birds fed low-energy diet (2,800 and 2,900 kcal/kg ME). The results indicated that 3,100 and 3,200 kcal/kg ME of diets increased hepatic inflammatory markers induced by LPS challenge in ducks but did not influence performance responsiveness during this challenge.

Dietary administration of resistant starch improved caecal barrier function by enhancing intestinal morphology and modulating microbiota composition in meat duck

“…Meat ducks are highly sensitive to pathogens and toxins in feed, such as antinutritional factors as well as environmental stress, such as heat and immune stress (1)(2)(3) . Research has verified that toxins and stresses usually lead to the damage of intestinal morphology and an increased inflammatory response (4,5) , which generally result in the occurrence of low-grade inflammation of the intestine in ducks in the production field. The general growth and well-being of animals are related to the health status of the intestine (6) .…”

Dietary resistant starch ameliorating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation associated with alteration in gut microbiome and glucagon-like peptide 1 signaling

“…Intestinal in ammatory disease has been becoming a great threat to poultry production in non-obvious ways due to impaired gut and growth performance of birds [24,25]. Numerous researches that included our previous study have con rmed the release of pro-in ammatory cytokines and immunological stress triggered by LPS intraperitoneal injection could impair nutrients absorption and depress growth performance in domestic birds [23,26,27]. In the present study, the reduced BW by chronic LPS injection has yielded strong evidence for a harmful consequence on growth performance of meat ducks induced by LPS challenge.…”

“…S1A). The routes of LPS injection were identical to our previous study [23]. Four hours after injecting on 18 d, 1 duck with a weight closest to the pen average was selected for blood samples, then centrifuged at 3,000 g for 15 min at 4°C to gain serum or plasma, and subsequently the distal ileal, ileal mucosa and cecal digesta were collected for historical analysis, intestinal integrity evaluation, SCFA determination, and microbial analysis, respectively.…”

Effect of Immune Stress on Growth Performance and Immune Functions of Livestock: Mechanisms and Prevention

“…Although the reduction of feed intake, digestion, and absorption are the most important factors in IS-induced growth suppression of livestock, the redistribution of nutrients also plays a role [ 90 ]. After the regulation of multiple hormones (growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormone, IGF-1, and GC) and cytokines, the body will redirect nutrients originally used for muscle synthesis and growth to the immune system to maintain a highly activated immune system to prevent diseases, resulting in an increase in FCR [ 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ].…”