Typhoid fever: clinical presentation and associated factors in febrile patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia

Habte, Limenih; Tadesse, Endale; Ferede, Getachew; Amsalu, Anteneh

doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3713-y

Cited by 32 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…3,14 Most common presentation was fever (100%), abdominal pain (68.33%), vomiting (60%) followed by Diarrhea (25%) which was very similar to a study done by Habte, L., Tadesse, E., Ferede, G., et al Ethiopia at University of Gondar, Ethiopia. 15 Common signs seen were tachycardia (75%), pallor (25%), Hepatosplenomegaly (16.6%), coated tongue (8.3%), Hepatomegaly (10%) and Splenomegaly (1.6%). 14 In this study we were able to send culture of 51% of patients (31 cases) only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-DR (Drug Resistant) typhoid fever in children.

Sohail¹,

Masood²,

Khalid³

et al. 2020

TPMJ

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Objectives: To study antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi in children with enteric fever. Study Design: Prospective, Consecutive sampling. Setting: Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Faisalabad. Period: 6 Months June 2019 to November 2019. Material & Methods: All admitted children of age 1-16 years with strong clinical suspicion of typhoid fever and with no comorbidities were included in this study. Blood cultures and other relevant investigations were performed to rule out other causes of fever. After identification of organism as Salmonella typhi, antibiotics susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion technique and zones of inhibition were interpreted according to clinical and Lab standard (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Out of 60 patients maximum children were < 5 year and >10 year of age. Maximum cases were admitted during July to September. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. We were able to send blood cultures of 31 cases (51%) only. Out of them 14 cases (45%) were found culture positive. All culture positive (100%) were found sensitive to meropenem. 92.8% were found sensitive to azithromycin and 7.1% were found sensitive to amikacin. Overall 16 cases treated with meropenem, 10 cases (16%) with azithromycin and one with amikacin. However, 33 cases (55%) responded to ceftriaxone alone. Conclusion: Sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi revealed significant proportion of multidrug and extensive drug resistant strain. So, continue surveillance is needed in this regard to find actual burden of XDR typhoid fever. We recommend local district administration and health authorities to launch an awareness campaign regarding sanitation, good hygiene, use of safe of water and mass vaccination of children with conjugated vaccine against typhoid. Alongwith above measures antibiotic stewardship should be started.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-DR (Drug Resistant) typhoid fever in children.

Sohail¹,

Masood²,

Khalid³

et al. 2020

TPMJ

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“…This declining lab capacity of detecting malaria might be due to the fact that the increased false negative reports associated with reduced sensitivity of microscopy with decreasing parasite densities [14], unable to detect sequestered P. falciparum parasites [15] and low competency of microscopists [16]. In the other way, such increased number of non-malarial febrile illnesses might be related to other febrile cases including yellow fever virus [17,18] and typhoid fever [19] infections, as per the studies conducted in southern Ethiopia. In addition, this high number of non-malarial febrile illness might be due to fevers among positive individuals with malaria where the fever is coexisted with but not caused by the Plasmodia infection [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eight-year Retrospective Analysis of Malaria Trends in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia (2012-2019)

Molla

Behaksra

Tadesse

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Informed decision making is underlined by all level of the tiers in the health system. Poor data record system coupled with under- (over)-reporting of malaria cases affects the country’s elimination activities. Thus, malaria data at health facilities and health offices are important particularly to monitor and evaluate malaria elimination progresses. This study was intended to assess overall reported malaria cases, spatiotemporal trends and factors associated in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia, and compare malaria case reports by the health centers and health offices.Methods: Past eight years retrospective data stored in 17 health centers and 5 district health offices in Gedeo Zone were extracted. Malaria cases data at each health center with sociodemographic information, between 2012 and 2019, were included. Meteorological data were obtained from the national meteorology agency. The data were analyzed using Stata 13.Results: A total of 485,414 clinical suspects were examined for malaria during the previous 8 years at health centers. Of these suspects, 57,228 (11.79%) were confirmed malaria cases. We noted, an overall under reporting of malaria, 3,758 clinical suspects and 467 confirmed malaria cases were not captured at the health offices level. Based on the health centers records, Plasmodium falciparum (49.74%) was slightly higher (p = 0.795) than P. vivax (47.59%). The majority of cases were found in adults (≥15 years of age) that accounted for 11.47% of confirmed malaria cases (p < 0.0001). There was high spatiotemporal variation: highest cases record was during autumn (12.55%) (p < 0.0001) and, the highest (18,150, 13.17%)) and lowest (5,187 (10.44%)) malaria cases were reported from Dilla town and Yirgacheffe rural district, respectively (p = 0.0002). Monthly rainfall and minimum temperature exhibited strong positive associations with the number of confirmed malaria cases.Conclusion: A notable decline in malaria cases was observed over the eight-year period. Both P. falciparum and P. vivax co-exist; hence, control measures should continue targeting both species. The high malaria burden in urban (Dilla town) and suburban (Dilla zuria district) settings and autumn season need spatiotemporal consideration by the elimination program.

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“…As many as 30%-45% of patients report abdominal pain [13]. Association of fever with abdominal pain has 3.9 times higher odd of culture positive typhoid as compared to patients without abdominal pain [14]. Occasionally, the pain may be intense right iliac fossa, mimicking appendicitis or generalized abdominal as in peritonitis [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Complications of Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoid at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan

Mansoor¹,

Ahmed²,

Fida³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Introduction: Typhoid fever is a major health problem in developing countries. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid is an emerging threat to world health. The objectives of this study were to report our blood culture proven patients having XDR typhoid and compare the rate of gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary manifestations and complications of antimicrobial sensitive and resistant strains. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan, from January 2019 till August 2020 on all consecutive blood culture proven patients of Salmonella typhi. A total of 57 cases of Salmonella were identified, of which 10 were nonresistant, seven multi drugresistant (MDR), 39 extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and one was extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) positive. Alarmingly, one of the S. typhi isolate in addition to the first line drugs, was also resistant to azithromycin. Patients were treated with antibiotics according to antimicrobial susceptibility of the Salmonella in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Society of Pakistan (MMIDSP) guidelines and GI and hepatobiliary complications were recorded. Results: Overall rate of complications was low. Some 10% (1/10) with nonresistant typhoid, 14% (1/7) with MDR, and 15% (6/39) of our patients with XDR typhoid fever had abdominal tenderness (p=0.95). None of the patients had GI bleeding, abdominal abscess, or peritonitis. Some 20% (2/10) patients with nonresistant typhoid, 29% (2/7) with MDR, and 18% (7/39) with XDR typhoid developed acute hepatitis, with greater than three times elevation of liver transaminases. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of hepatitis between these groups (p=0.98). Interestingly, one of our patients with XDR typhoid also developed cholestatic hepatitis. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in GI and hepatobiliary complications amongst antimicrobial sensitive and resistant strains of typhoid. However, emergence of resistant strains calls for focus on prevention and judicious use of antimicrobials.

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Typhoid fever: clinical presentation and associated factors in febrile patients visiting Shashemene Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia

Cited by 32 publications

References 16 publications

X-DR (Drug Resistant) typhoid fever in children.

X-DR (Drug Resistant) typhoid fever in children.

Eight-year Retrospective Analysis of Malaria Trends in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia (2012-2019)

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Complications of Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoid at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan

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