Ultra-low content of Pt modified CdS nanorods: Preparation, characterization, and application for photocatalytic selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols and reduction of nitroarenes in one reaction system
“…The samples were adopted into photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols and selective reduction of nitroarenes in one reaction system under visible light irradiation (Scheme 24). [79] The low loading amount 0.03 % of Pt brings about 2 times higher conversions than the CdS, which was credited to that the more difficult reduction of -NO 2 on Pt can be easier than that on bare CdS. In the six sequential proton-coupled electron transfer steps, the e cb À capture effect and the low overpotential for including H + reaction of Pt were helpful.…”
Section: Integrating Metal Sulfides With Metal Nanoparticlesmentioning
metal sulfides belong to an important subgroup of semiconductor photocatalysts that could promote a variety of valuable redox reactions under mild conditions. One notable merit of metal sulfides is their relatively smaller bandgaps than metal oxides, which in turn make sure that many of them can directly utilize visible light. Historically, the deployment of metal sulfides for visible-light-induced organic transformations took place shortly after the genesis of the research field of heterogeneous photocatalysis. In this review, we primarily focus on recent state-of-the-art advancements of metal sulfide photocatalysis aimed at visible-light-induced selective organic transformations. Interests in this specific branch of photocatalysis have been rekindled due to the new methods for materials synthesis; the pursuit of new mechanisms; or the integration of metal sulfides with metal oxides, metal nanoparticles or other emerging materials. Thus we categorize them into four sections according to the different strategies in developing novel or more efficient organic processes. Binary and ternary metal sulfides, usually associated with new materials synthesis and mechanistic insights, can be used directly for visible-lightinduced organic transformations. This is the basis of other further developments and will be introduced firstly. Next, the cooperation between metal sulfides and metal oxides or metal nanoparticles can be conducive to many photocatalytic systems. These developments will be discussed in the next two ensuing sections. Furthermore, the integration of metal sulfides with recent developed emerging materials such as metalorganic frameworks (MOFs), graphene and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) will be discussed in another section to highlight the importance of merging metal sulfides with these materials. We attempt to keep an impartial panorama of these four distinctive sections even though the phases of development are quite different among sections, leaving plenty of room for the future expansion of this burgeoning area.
“…The samples were adopted into photocatalytic selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols and selective reduction of nitroarenes in one reaction system under visible light irradiation (Scheme 24). [79] The low loading amount 0.03 % of Pt brings about 2 times higher conversions than the CdS, which was credited to that the more difficult reduction of -NO 2 on Pt can be easier than that on bare CdS. In the six sequential proton-coupled electron transfer steps, the e cb À capture effect and the low overpotential for including H + reaction of Pt were helpful.…”
Section: Integrating Metal Sulfides With Metal Nanoparticlesmentioning
metal sulfides belong to an important subgroup of semiconductor photocatalysts that could promote a variety of valuable redox reactions under mild conditions. One notable merit of metal sulfides is their relatively smaller bandgaps than metal oxides, which in turn make sure that many of them can directly utilize visible light. Historically, the deployment of metal sulfides for visible-light-induced organic transformations took place shortly after the genesis of the research field of heterogeneous photocatalysis. In this review, we primarily focus on recent state-of-the-art advancements of metal sulfide photocatalysis aimed at visible-light-induced selective organic transformations. Interests in this specific branch of photocatalysis have been rekindled due to the new methods for materials synthesis; the pursuit of new mechanisms; or the integration of metal sulfides with metal oxides, metal nanoparticles or other emerging materials. Thus we categorize them into four sections according to the different strategies in developing novel or more efficient organic processes. Binary and ternary metal sulfides, usually associated with new materials synthesis and mechanistic insights, can be used directly for visible-lightinduced organic transformations. This is the basis of other further developments and will be introduced firstly. Next, the cooperation between metal sulfides and metal oxides or metal nanoparticles can be conducive to many photocatalytic systems. These developments will be discussed in the next two ensuing sections. Furthermore, the integration of metal sulfides with recent developed emerging materials such as metalorganic frameworks (MOFs), graphene and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) will be discussed in another section to highlight the importance of merging metal sulfides with these materials. We attempt to keep an impartial panorama of these four distinctive sections even though the phases of development are quite different among sections, leaving plenty of room for the future expansion of this burgeoning area.
“…The separation, migration, and lifetime characteristics of photoexcited charges are the decisive factors affecting the catalytic activity of photocatalysts. The corresponding results can be detected through PL, time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL), and photoelectrochemical experiments, and so on. − First, PL was performed to evaluate the separation rate of photoexcited charges. In general, a lower fluorescence intensity indicates less photogenerated charge recombination, and conversely indicates a higher separation rate of photoexcited charges .…”
The transfer mechanism of photogenerated charges (e − and h + ) has always been a research hotspot of the photocatalysis field. Here, a series of WO 3 /ZnO composite photocatalysts with different ratios were synthesized, and importantly, the transfer mechanism of photoexcited charges was systematically studied. By performing various characterizations, the direct Z-scheme of WO 3 /ZnO was proposed, and the results verified that the immanent electric field formed between WO 3 and ZnO semiconductors is the inner impetus of charge transfer. This work distinguished the transfer mechanism of photogenerated charges in the heterojunction photocatalyst by the relative p−n junction theory and can also provide guidance for the construction and application of novel heterojunction photocatalysts in theory and practice.
“…For example, Pt, Pb, Au, Ag and Rh nanoparticles act as electron mediators, accelerate the rapid transfer of charge carriers, and provide active sites for oxidation and/or reduction reactions, thus enhancing the photoactivity of the catalysts toward organic transformation. 23,[39][40][41] Additionally, the development of abundant non-noble metals as alternatives materials is highly suggested to reduce the cost of dual-functional photocatalysts. Constructing semiconductor heterostructures is also an effective way to promote photocatalytic efficiency of dual-functional reaction systems.…”
Section: General Principles For Designing Efficient Dual-functional Photocatalytic Systems Toward Value-added Organic Transformationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, Zhang and co-workers fabricated CdS nanorods modified with the ultra-low amounts (0.03%) of Pt nanoparticles (Pt/CdS) composite for the selective reduction of NB to AL and oxidation of p-MBA to p-MBAD in one reaction system. 41 Notably, the as-formed p-MBAD partially reacted with AL to generate Schiff base compounds, which have seen widespread applications in pharmacy science and the chemical industry. The production of Schiff base can be attributed to the nucleophilic addition reaction between the as-formed aromatic aldehyde and aromatic amine.…”
Section: Photocatalytic Nitrobenzene Reduction Coupled With Aromatic Alcohol Oxidationmentioning
Photocatalytic selective organic transformations provide an efficient synthetic alternative for several industrially relevant chemicals using solar rather than thermal energy. However, in most cases, photocatalytic organic reaction systems involve only reductive or oxidative pathways with the aid of sacrificial reagents as efficient electron acceptors or donors, thus limiting the economic added value. Recently, merging selective organic reductions and oxidations in a dual-functional photocatalytic reaction system has been put forward to tackle this limitation. In this coupled reaction system, both the photogenerated electrons and holes can be simultaneously utilized to generate value-added products, make the overall process more valuable from the economic perspective. In this review, the development of dualfunctional photocatalytic organic synthesis is systemically summarized. Particular emphasis is paid to merging selective organic oxidation and reduction reactions and coupling selective organic transformations with chemical fuel generation (e.g., H2, CO). Also, a personal perspective on future developments in this field is provided. Although still in its infancy, it is expected that this dual-functional technology offers opportunities to develop the next-generation selective organic transformation processes that meet the stringent economic, societal, and ecological expectations.
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