Marital distress, depression, and a leaky gut: Translocation of bacterial endotoxin as a pathway to inflammation

Kiecolt‐Glaser, Janice K.; Wilson, Stephanie J.; Bailey, Michael T.; Andridge, Rebecca; Peng, Juan; Jaremka, Lisa M.; Fagundes, Christopher P.; Malarkey, William B.; Laskowski, Bryon; Belury, Martha A.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.007

Cited by 108 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Chronic, elevated inflammation can predispose individuals to developing an inflammation-related disorder like depression. In a study by Kiecolt-Glaser et al married couples were evaluated for increases in inflammation markers such as LPS-binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and CRP to determine if increased gut permeability is a potential mechanism for marital distress and depression [45]. LBP and CD14 are typically released in response to bacterial translocation of endotoxins and are markers for leaky gut.…”

Section: Marital Distress Depression and Leaky Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives on Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Depression

et al. 2020

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The human gut microbiome partakes in a bidirectional communication pathway with the central nervous system (CNS), named the microbiota-gut-brain axis.The microbiota-gut-brain axis is believed to modulate various central processes through the vagus nerve as well as production of microbial metabolites and immune mediators which trigger changes in neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and behavior. Little is understood about the utilization of microbiome manipulation to treat disease. Though studies exploring the role of the microbiome in various disease processes have shown promise, mechanisms remain unclear and evidence-based treatments for most illnesses have not yet been developed. The animal studies reviewed here offer an excellent array of basic science research that Enhanced Digital Features To view enhanced digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.11865615. A. Capuco

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Section: Marital Distress Depression and Leaky Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives on Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Depression

et al. 2020

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“…We have published a meta-analysis suggesting that patients with irritable bowel syndrome were at higher risk of major depression [37], confirming the potential causal or bilateral relationship between microbiota disturbances and major depression. Several studies have shown microbiota disturbances in patients with major depression; these disturbances are summarized in Table 1 [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Probiotics yielded small but significant effects for depression (d = −0.24, p < 0.01) and anxiety (d = −0.10, p = 0.03).…”

Section: Microbiota-orientated Therapies and Their Interest For Majormentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota-Orientated Treatments for Major Depression and Schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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Background and significance. There is a need to develop new hypothesis-driven treatment for both both major depression (MD) and schizophrenia in which the risk of depression is 5 times higher than the general population. Major depression has been also associated with poor illness outcomes including pain, metabolic disturbances, and less adherence. Conventional antidepressants are partly effective, and 44% of the subjects remain unremitted under treatment. Improving MD treatment efficacy is thus needed to improve the SZ prognosis. Microbiota-orientated treatments are currently one of the most promising tracks. Method. This work is a systematic review synthetizing data of arguments to develop microbiota-orientated treatments (including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)) in major depression and schizophrenia. Results. The effectiveness of probiotic administration in MD constitutes a strong evidence for developing microbiota-orientated treatments. Probiotics have yielded medium-to-large significant effects on depressive symptoms, but it is still unclear if the effect is maintained following probiotic discontinuation. Several factors may limit MD improvement when using probiotics, including the small number of bacterial strains administered in probiotic complementary agents, as well as the presence of a disturbed gut microbiota that probably limits the probiotics’ impact. FMT is a safe technique enabling to improve microbiota in several gut disorders. The benefit/risk ratio of FMT has been discussed and has been recently improved by capsule administration. Conclusion. Cleaning up the gut microbiota by transplanting a totally new human gut microbiota in one shot, which is referred to as FMT, is likely to strongly improve the efficacy of microbiota-orientated treatments in MD and schizophrenia and maintain the effect over time. This hypothesis should be tested in future clinical trials.

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“…Depression is correlated with an increase in markers of bacterial translocation, gut permeability, and toll-like receptor activation, all important measures of increased immune activity in the gut (Kéri et al, 2014). Additionally, cytokines shown to increase with changes in the microbiome and gut permeability are known to be elevated in depressed patients (Kéri et al, 2014;Schirmer et al, 2016;Kiecolt-Glaser et al, 2018). These cytokines can sensitize the cortisol response pathway, influence the kynurenine pathway, or act directly on neurons and/or glial cells within the brain to propagate depression symptoms (Dantzer et al, 2008;Fritz et al, 2016;Hoshino et al, 2017;Gheorghe et al, 2019).…”

Section: Mucins and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Mucins in the Etiology of Depression

Rivet-Noor¹,

Gaultier²

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Major depressive disorders are global health problems that affect more than 6% of the U.S. population. Despite years of research, the etiology of depression remains unclear. Historically, it was believed that depression started within the central nervous system (CNS), but alternative hypotheses have recently challenged this dogma. Indeed, experimental and clinical evidence show that the gut microbiome could be an active player in depression initiation. The composition of bacterial species in depressed patients is significantly different from control microbiomes, and the transfer of the microbiome from depressed patients is sufficient to initiate depressive symptoms in animals. Additionally, the gut microbiome is known to change in the presence of depression risk factors such as chronic stress. While there is strong evidence delineating a role for microbial dysbiosis in depression, the initiating event for this dysbiosis remains unknown. Within the gut, microbiota reside in the mucus layer, a critical gel-like barrier involved in protecting the host from unwanted pathogen interactions, as well as regulating the immune system. Though the mucus layer is often ignored in the face of dysbiosis, it represents a dynamic and important piece of host machinery that has the potential to impact a wide variety of biological processes. Here, we review evidence supporting the novel concept that stress can modify the delicate mucus-microbiome balance, initiating dysbiosis, and ultimately leading to depression.

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Marital distress, depression, and a leaky gut: Translocation of bacterial endotoxin as a pathway to inflammation

Abstract: These bacterial LPS translocation data illustrate how a distressed marriage and a mood disorder history can promote a proinflammatory milieu through increased gut permeability, thus fueling inflammation-related disorders.

Cited by 108 publications

References 63 publications

Current Perspectives on Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Depression

Current Perspectives on Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Depression

Microbiota-Orientated Treatments for Major Depression and Schizophrenia

The Role of Gut Mucins in the Etiology of Depression

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