Dietary Flavonoids and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

Chang, Hui; Lin, Lei; Zhou, Yun; Ye, Fayin; Zhao, Guohua

doi:10.3390/nu10070950

Cited by 92 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the risk of colorectal cancer among humans is inversely associated with the increased intake of foods rich in flavonols, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins and proanthocyanidins [ 229 ]. A meta-analysis of 12 epidemiological studies, including five cohort and seven case-control studies, suggests that the risk of colon cancer can be reduced by a high intake of dietary flavonols, whereas the risk of rectal cancer can be reduced by a high intake of flavones [ 230 ]. Furthermore, a population-based case-control study by Gates and colleagues shows that the dietary intake of apigenin reduces the risk of ovarian cancer [ 231 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Pathway by Dietary Flavonoids: A Friend or Foe for Cancer Management?

et al. 2020

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The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway is an important cell signaling mechanism in maintaining redox homeostasis in humans. The role of dietary flavonoids in activating Nrf2/ARE in relation to cancer chemoprevention or cancer promotion is not well established. Here we summarize the dual effects of flavonoids in cancer chemoprevention and cancer promotion with respect to the regulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway, while underlying the possible cellular mechanisms. Luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, myricetin, rutin, naringenin, epicatechin, and genistein activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway in both normal and cancer cells. The hormetic effect of flavonoids has been observed due to their antioxidant or prooxidant activity, depending on the concentrations. Reported in vitro and in vivo investigations suggest that the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by either endogenous or exogenous stimuli under normal physiological conditions contributes to redox homeostasis, which may provide a mechanism for cancer chemoprevention. However, some flavonoids, such as luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin, naringenin, epicatechin, genistein, and daidzein, at low concentrations (1.5 to 20 µM) facilitate cancer cell growth and proliferation in vitro. Paradoxically, some flavonoids, including luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin, inhibit the Nrf2/ARE pathway in vitro. Therefore, even though flavonoids play a major role in cancer chemoprevention, due to their possible inducement of cancer cell growth, the effects of dietary flavonoids on cancer pathophysiology in patients or appropriate experimental animal models should be investigated systematically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Pathway by Dietary Flavonoids: A Friend or Foe for Cancer Management?

et al. 2020

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“…Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), including natural compounds and composite formulae derived from a single herb or combination of herbs, have been recognized as complementary adjuvant therapy to diminish chemotherapy-induced side effects and significantly increase overall survival in patients with CRC in China [6,7]. A high intake of natural compounds such as flavonoids, lignans, and isoflavones was correlated with the reduction of CRC risk [8,9]. Anti-CRC mechanism of effective compounds and composite formulas has been investigated by using cells and animal models [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of PKCδ/NF-κB Signaling and Apoptosis Induction through Extrinsic/Intrinsic Pathways Are Associated with Magnolol-Inhibited Tumor Progression in Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Kuan

Chen

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Magnolol is one of the hydroxylated biphenyl compounds from the root and stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, which shown to possess anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) effects. However, the regulatory mechanism of magnolol on apoptosis and NF-κB signaling in human CRC has not been elucidated. Thus, we investigated the inhibitory mechanism of magnolol on human and mouse CRC (HT-29 and CT-26) in vitro and in vivo. Results from reporter gene assay indicated that both magnolol and rottlerin (PKCδ inhibitor) reduced the endogenous NF-κB activity. In addition, indolactam V (PKCδ activator)-induced NF-κB signaling was significantly suppressed with both magnolol and rottlerin treatment. Results from Western blotting also indicated that phosphorylation of PKCδ and NF-κB -related proteins involved in tumor progression were effectively decreased by magnolol treatment. The invasion capacity of CRC cells was also attenuated by both magnolol and rottlerin. Furthermore, magnolol triggered Fas/Fas-L mediated extrinsic apoptosis and mitochondria mediated intrinsic apoptosis were validated by flow cytometry. Most importantly, tumor growth in both HT-29 and CT-26 bearing mice were suppressed by magnolol, but no pathologic change was detected in mice kidney, spleen, and liver. As confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining from tumor tissue, PKCδ/NF-κB signaling and downstream proteins expression were decreased, while apoptotic proteins expression was increased in the magnolol treated group. According to these results, we suggest that the induction of apoptosis through extrinsic/intrinsic pathways and the blockage of PKCδ/NF-κB signaling are associated with the magnolol-inhibited progression of CRC.

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“…In this regard, flavonoids, which are a group of polyphenols, have been widely studied and their consumption has been related to beneficial effects on health. These benefits include reducing the risk of cerebrovascular disease, lung cancer, type 2 diabetes, or asthma incidence [4] and the risk of colon and rectal cancer [5], as well as preventing ischemic heart disease [6], among others. The beneficial effects of flavonoids have been attributed to their antioxidant properties [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cocoa-Rich Chocolate on Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the intake of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate on blood pressure, other cardiovascular risk factors, and vascular structure and function in postmenopausal women. A total of 140 postmenopausal women participated in this randomized and controlled parallel clinical trial. For six months, the intervention group (IG; n = 73) consumed daily 10 g of chocolate (99% cocoa) added to their usual food intake, whereas the control group (CG; n = 67) did not receive any intervention. Blood pressure, pulse pressure (PP), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), augmentation index, and laboratory variables were measured at baseline and six months. ANCOVA analyses adjusted for baseline values revealed no significant differences for systolic blood pressure (−1.45 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval (CI): −4.79, 1.88; p = 0.391) or baPWV (0.18 m/s; 95% CI: −0.14, 0.50; p = 0.263) between groups. A decrease in PP was observed in the IG compared to the CG (−2.05 mm Hg; 95% CI: −4.08, −0.02; p = 0.048). The rest of the vascular structure and function parameters and other measured variables remained unchanged. The daily intake of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate seems to provide little improvement to cardiovascular health, but neither does it cause any adverse effects on the parameters evaluated in postmenopausal women in the long term.

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Dietary Flavonoids and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

Cited by 92 publications

References 42 publications

Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Pathway by Dietary Flavonoids: A Friend or Foe for Cancer Management?

Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Pathway by Dietary Flavonoids: A Friend or Foe for Cancer Management?

Suppression of PKCδ/NF-κB Signaling and Apoptosis Induction through Extrinsic/Intrinsic Pathways Are Associated with Magnolol-Inhibited Tumor Progression in Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Effects of Cocoa-Rich Chocolate on Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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