This article will look at thymoma recognition and treatment in rabbits. Medical versus surgical treatment options will be explored along with nursing strategies for dyspnoeic rabbit patients. Thymomas are slow growing neoplasms in the cranial mediastinum that can pose life-threatening complications to rabbit patients. Although the incidence of this condition is thought to be low, clinicians and nurses should be aware of the symptoms and morbidity associated with this condition in order to provide rabbits with the correct treatment options.