30 Years of functionally graded materials: An overview of manufacturing methods, Applications and Future Challenges

Saleh, Bassiouny; Jiang, Jinghua; Fathi, Reham; Al-hababi, Tareq; Xu, Qian; Wang, Lisha; Song, Dandan; Ma, Aibin

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108376

Cited by 417 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…This progress would not have been possible without the development of technologies that helped to build and test these applications in terms of safety and reliability [ 150 ]. Many improvements have been made to applications such as the use of composites materials and alloys that have good properties that combine safety and performance [ 151 ]. Most engineering applications are subjected to unwanted vibrations that should be controlled.…”

Section: Trending Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Nonlinear Damping Identification in Structural Dynamics: Methods, Applications, and Challenges

Al-hababi

Cao

Saleh

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In recent decades, nonlinear damping identification (NDI) in structural dynamics has attracted wide research interests and intensive studies. Different NDI strategies, from conventional to more advanced, have been developed for a variety of structural types. With apparent advantages over classical linear methods, these strategies are able to quantify the nonlinear damping characteristics, providing powerful tools for the analysis and design of complex engineering structures. Since the current trend in many applications tends to more advanced and sophisticated applications, it is of great necessity to work on developing these methods to keep pace with this progress. Moreover, NDI can provide an effective and promising tool for structural damage detection purposes, where the changes in the dynamic features of structures can be correlated with damage levels. This review paper provides an overview of NDI methods by explaining the fundamental challenges and potentials of these methods based on the available literature. Furthermore, this research offers a comprehensive survey of different applications and future research trends of NDI. For potential development and application work for nonlinear damping methods, the anticipated results and recommendations of the current paper can assist researchers and developers worldwide to find out the gaps and unsolved issues in the field of NDI.

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Section: Trending Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Nonlinear Damping Identification in Structural Dynamics: Methods, Applications, and Challenges

Al-hababi

Cao

Saleh

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Functionally graded materials (FGMs) with a periodical or irregular gradient of phase, structure, chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties are widely implemented in the aerospace, nuclear, milling, automotive, defense, tooling, medicine, electronics/optoelectronics and many other areas of industry [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The choice of the concrete combination and chemical composition of the conjoining base materials in FGMs depends on the required final properties of the manufactured part or the whole assembly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AM methods allow the cost-efficient production of parts of the FGMs with a complicated geometry in a single technological step without assembly operations, along with low waste of the material. Among these technologies for metal 3D printing are: selective laser melting (SLM), selective laser sintering (SLS), electron beam melting (EBM), wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), direct energy deposition (DED) [ 4 ], also known as laser metal deposition (LMD), laser engineered net shaping (LENS TM ) [ 8 , 9 ], 3D direct laser fabrication [ 10 ] or 3D laser cladding. The advantages of the last technology are higher performance in comparison with SLM, SLS, EBM and WAAM, low substrate deformation and the high automation of the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantages of the last technology are higher performance in comparison with SLM, SLS, EBM and WAAM, low substrate deformation and the high automation of the process. The list of the FGMs systems fabricated through the AM methods ( Table 1 , column 4) [ 4 ] lacks the several important types of metallic FGMs such as Cu-Fe system FGM [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], Cu-Ni [ 14 , 15 ], maraging-tool steel [ 16 ] and so on. According to the results of a deep literature review, another actual classification of the majority of metal-based FGMs (in dependence on a base material) that could be produced via AM methods can be suggested as the six consolidated groups described below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Evaluation of the Dendritic Structure Parameters and Crystallization Rate of Laser-Deposited Cu-Fe Functionally Graded Materials

2020

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The paper is devoted to the direct energy deposition (DED) of functionally graded materials (FGMs) created from stainless steel and aluminum bronze with 10% content of Al and 1% of Fe. The results of the microstructure analysis using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) demonstrate the existence of a dendritic structure in the specimens. The crystallization rate of the gradient binary Cu-Fe system structures was investigated and calculated using the model of a fast-moving concentrated source with an ellipsoid crystallization front. The width of the secondary elements of the dendrites in the crystallized slab was numerically estimated as 0.2 nm at the center point of the circle heat spot, and the two types of dendrites were predicted in the specimen: the dendrites from 0.2 to approximately 50 nm and from approximately 0.1 to 0.3 μm in width of the secondary elements. The results were found to be in good accordance with the measured experimental values of the dendritic structure geometry parameters.

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“…Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced composites designed and fabricated in a way that their physical and mechanical properties spatially vary in their structures. An overview of manufacturing methods for FGMs, their applications and future challenges, based on the available literature over 30 years, has been recently published by Saleh et al, in [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior of Porous and Imperfect Bernoulli-Euler Functionally Graded Nanobeams Resting on Winkler Elastic Foundation

Penna

Feo

2020

Technologies

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Nonlinear free vibrations of functionally graded porous Bernoulli–Euler nano-beams resting on an elastic foundation through a stress-driven nonlocal elasticity model are studied taking into account von Kármán type nonlinearity and initial geometric imperfection. By using the Galerkin method, the governing equations are reduced to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The closed form analytical solution of the nonlinear natural flexural frequency is then established using the Hamiltonian approach to nonlinear oscillators. Several comparisons with existing models in the literature are performed to validate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach. Finally, a numerical investigation is developed in order to analyze the effects of the gradient index coefficient, porosity volume fraction, initial geometric imperfection, and the Winkler elastic foundation coefficient, on the nonlinear flexural vibrations of metal–ceramic FG porous Bernoulli–Euler nano-beams.

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30 Years of functionally graded materials: An overview of manufacturing methods, Applications and Future Challenges

Cited by 417 publications

References 210 publications

A Critical Review of Nonlinear Damping Identification in Structural Dynamics: Methods, Applications, and Challenges

A Critical Review of Nonlinear Damping Identification in Structural Dynamics: Methods, Applications, and Challenges

Analytical Evaluation of the Dendritic Structure Parameters and Crystallization Rate of Laser-Deposited Cu-Fe Functionally Graded Materials

Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior of Porous and Imperfect Bernoulli-Euler Functionally Graded Nanobeams Resting on Winkler Elastic Foundation

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