3-D twelve-port multi-service diversity antenna for automotive communications

Abstract

This paper presents a twelve-port ultra-wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)/diversity antenna integrated with GSM and Bluetooth bands. The twelve-port antenna is constructed by arranging four elements in the horizontal plane and eight elements in the vertical plane. The antenna element, which is created using a simple rectangular monopole, exhibits a frequency range of 3.1 to 12 GHz. The additional Bluetooth and GSM bands are achieved by introducing stubs into the ground plane. The size of the MIMO antenna is 100 × 100 mm2. The antenna offers polarization diversity, with vertical and horizontal polarization in each plane. The diversity antenna has a bandwidth of 1.7–1.9 GHz, 2.35–2.55 GHz, and 3–12 GHz, the radiation efficiency of 90%, and peak gain of 2.19 dBi. The proposed antenna offers an envelope correlation coefficient of < 0.12, apparent diversity gain of > 9.9 dB, effective diversity gain of > 8.9 dB, mean effective gain of < 1 dB, and channel capacity loss of < 0.35 bits/s/Hz. Also, the MIMO antenna is tested for housing effects in order to determine its suitability for automotive applications.

Quad Port Multipolarized Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Sub 6 GHz Applications

“…It is noticed that the proposed antenna achieves isolation greater than 15 dB among all ports. However, the small deviation in measured results occurred due to the losses caused by manual soldering of surface-mount devices [25,26].…”

“…Te equivalent lumped circuit modelling is implemented by considering the proposed antenna's impedance characteristics [25]. Moreover, the resonance types are predicted based on the real and imaginary curves of the impedance characteristics.…”

A novel shaped ultrawideband fractal antenna for medical purposes

“…The total area (A) of the patch antenna design is found by computing the area of all half-ring shapes and the rectangular geometries. Moreover, a standard equation ( 2) is used to find the constant value of k = √ 𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓 4 [19]. A low operating frequency of 2.62GHz is provided for the prototype antenna as a result of using the equations.…”

Multifunctional twelve port frequency agile diversity antenna for indoor wireless applications

“…In 18 , a twelve-port MIMO antenna was reported with five pairs of single and dual band antenna elements and two UWB antenna elements. In 19 , a MIMO antenna with twelve elements was reported for UWB, GSM, and Bluetooth standards. In 20 , an eight-element frequency reconfigurable polarization diversity IMA was designed for vehicular communication applications.…”