3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Enhances the Level of Reduced Glutathione via the Nrf2-Mediated Pathway in Human Keratinocytes

Kim, Ki Cheon; Hyun, Yu Jae; Hewage, Susara Ruwan Kumara Madduma; Piao, Mei Jing; Kang, Kyoung Ah; Kang, Hee Kyoung; Koh, Young Sang; Ahn, Meejung; Hyun, Jin Won

doi:10.3390/md15090291

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Nrf2, an essential transcription factor for controlling oxidative stress [ 33 ], is expressed in human skin tissues, such as human keratinocytes [ 34 , 35 ], melanocyte [ 4 ], and human dermal fibroblasts [ 36 ]. Cytoprotective antioxidants can be increased by antioxidant compounds through the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants

et al. 2018

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When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the human skin produces profuse reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn activate a variety of biological responses. Mounting ROS levels activate tyrosinase by mobilizing α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the epidermis and finally stimulates the melanocytes to produce melanin. Meanwhile, the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway, which removes ROS, is activated at increased ROS levels, and antioxidant compounds facilitates the dissociation of Nrf2. In this study, we explored the possible suppressing effects of antioxidant compounds and tyrosine inhibitors on melanin formation and the promotory effects of these compounds on ROS scavenging. The antioxidant activity of glabridin (GLA), resveratrol (RES), oxyresveratrol (OXYR), and phenylethylresorcinol (PR) were investigated via the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The inhibitory effects of the four compounds and their mixtures on tyrosinase were evaluated. l-Tyrosine or 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA) was used as a substrate. The results showed that all mixtures did not exhibit synergistic effects with the l-tyrosine as a substrate, suggesting that l-tyrosine is not suitable as a substrate. However, the mixtures of “GLA:RES,” “GLA:OXYR,” “OXYR:RES,” and “PR:RES” demonstrated synergistic effects (CI < 0.9, p < 0.05), whereas “GLA:RES” and “PR:OXYR” indicated an additive effect (0.9 ditive1, p < 0.05). Furthermore, we used a molecular docking strategy to study the interactions of the four compounds with tyrosinase and l-DOPA. The molecular docking result is consistent with that of the experiment. Finally, we selected RES + OXYR and used PIG1 cells to verify whether OXYR synergistically promotes RES activity on tyrosinase. The two agents had a synergistic inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. These results provided a novel synergistic strategy for antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors, and this strategy is useful in skin injury treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants

et al. 2018

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“…The regulation of Nrf2 dependent on Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1) is the most characterized mechanism of ARE activation [ 137 ]. Nrf2 is an inducible cap ‘n’ collar type of transcription factor, normally degraded by the promotion of its repressor, Keap1, through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway [ 9 , 136 ]. When exposed to oxidant stress, the Keap1-Cul3 complex normally linked to Nrf2 is dissociated because of the modifications of Keap1 [ 10 ].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of Polysaccharide-induced Antioxidantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When exposed to oxidant stress, the Keap1-Cul3 complex normally linked to Nrf2 is dissociated because of the modifications of Keap1 [ 10 ]. Nrf2 bound to ARE accumulates, promoting the production of the corresponding downstream phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidative proteins (e.g., superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), Glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS)) [ 9 , 138 , 139 ]. Ryu and Chung investigated the molecular mechanisms of fucoidan in the protection of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) from mild oxidative stress, indicating that the expression levels of HO-1, SOD-1, and Nrf2 are positively time-dependent following fucoidan treatment, whereas Keap1 expression was the opposite [ 140 ].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of Polysaccharide-induced Antioxidantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tightly controlling ROS levels is clearly crucial to biosystems. Both early and delayed mechanisms responding to increased ROS levels have evolved [ 9 ]. The early mechanism immediately removes the ROS through chemical reactions; the delayed mechanism is by gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and proteins that decrease oxidative damage [ 2 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Review of the Abilities, Determinants, and Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Seaweed Polysaccharides Antioxidants

Liu

Sun

2020

IJMS

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Oxidative stress induces various cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases, caused by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is attributed to the lack of sufficient antioxidant defense capacity to eliminate unnecessary ROS. Seaweeds are largely cultivated for their edible and commercial purposes. Excessive proliferation of some seaweeds has occurred in coastal areas, causing environmental and economic disasters, and even threating human health. Removing and disposing of the excess seaweeds are costly and labor-intensive with few rewards. Therefore, improving the value of seaweeds utilizes this resource, but also deals with the accumulated biomass in the environment. Seaweed has been demonstrated to be a great source of polysaccharides antioxidants, which are effective in enhancing the antioxidant system in humans and animals. They have been reported to be a healthful method to prevent and/or reduce oxidative damage. Current studies indicate that they have a good potential for treating various diseases. Polysaccharides, the main components in seaweeds, are commonly used as industrial feedstock. They are readily extracted by aqueous and acetone solutions. This study attempts to review the current researches related to seaweed polysaccharides as an antioxidant. We discuss the main categories, their antioxidant abilities, their determinants, and their possible molecular mechanisms of action. This review proposes possible high-value ways to utilize seaweed resources.

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“… 7) BDB has attracted increasing interest for its pharmacological effects including amelioration of redox-mediated damage to cells or tissues, suppression of apoptosis, and antimicrobial activity against the hematopoietic necrosis virus. 6) 8) 9) Recently, BDB was reported to ameliorate 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis inflammatory responses, reduce the infiltration of macrophages and suppresses the production of IL-6. 10) However, the role of BDB in acute MI, as well as its effect on macrophages infiltration has not been uncovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with 3-Bromo-4,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Improves Cardiac Function by Inhibiting Macrophage Infiltration in Mice

Lou

Gong

et al. 2018

Korean Circ J

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Background and ObjectivesAppropriate inflammatory response is necessary for cardiac repairing after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Three-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) is a potent antioxidant and natural bromophenol compound derived from red algae. Although BDB has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect, it remains unclear whether BDB affects cardiac remolding after MI. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of BDB on cardiac function recovery after MI in mice.MethodsMice were intraperitoneally injected with BDB (100 mg/kg) or vehicle control respectively 1 hour before MI and then treated every other day. Cardiac function was monitored by transthoracic echocardiography at day 7 after MI. The survival of mice was observed for 2 weeks and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to determine the infarct size. Macrophages infiltration was examined by immunofluorescence staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test the production of cytokines associated with macrophages. The phosphorylation status of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was determined by western blot.ResultsBDB administration dramatically improved cardiac function recovery, and decreased mortality and infarcted size after MI. Treatment with BDB reduced CD68+ macrophages, M1 and M2 macrophages infiltration post-MI, and suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and IL-6 in the injured hearts. Furthermore, BDB inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB in the infarcted hearts.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate, for the first time, that BDB treatment facilitated cardiac healing by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and indicate that BDB may serve as a therapeutic agent for acute MI.

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3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Enhances the Level of Reduced Glutathione via the Nrf2-Mediated Pathway in Human Keratinocytes

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants

Synergistic Promotion on Tyrosinase Inhibition by Antioxidants

A Critical Review of the Abilities, Determinants, and Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Seaweed Polysaccharides Antioxidants

Treatment with 3-Bromo-4,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Improves Cardiac Function by Inhibiting Macrophage Infiltration in Mice

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