3‐Azido‐N‐nitro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐amine‐Based Energetic Salts

Abstract

Twelve energetic nitrogen-rich salts based on 3-azido-N-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine were prepared and fully characterized by (1)H, (13)C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of the neutral compound 3-azido-N-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-amine (1) and its triaminoguanidinium salt (13) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The density of 1 and its twelve salts ranged from 1.57 to 1.79 g cm(-3), and the heat of formation was calculated with the Gaussian 03 suite of programs. Compounds 1-13 exhibit promising detonation performances (pressure: 25.3-39.3 GPa; velocity: 8159-9409 m s(-1); EXPLO 5.05). Impact sensitivities were also determined by hammer tests and resulted ranging from 2.5 J (very sensitive) to >40 J (insensitive).

Current Developments in the Syntheses of 1,2,4-Triazole Compounds

“…In addition, the amino group on triazole ring could also be transformed into diazonium salts, nitro and other derivatives [173,[310][311][312][313]. These studies may lead to the rational design of even more effective and stable molecules with potential valuable application in various aspects.…”

Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Thermal Analysis of Nitrogen‐rich Energetic Ionic Salts based on 4‐Amino‐3‐hydrazino‐5‐mercapto‐1, 2,4‐triazole

“…[10] Meanwhile, intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed in the salt molecules may increase the density and reduce sensitivities. [11,12] For example, the density of 3-azido-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate is about 0.2 g·cm -3 higher than that of 3-azido-1,4-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole due to the presence of methyl group on the ring, thus reducing the opportunity for hydrogen bonding. [13] The 1,2,4-triazoles are the most frequently used at the moment, due to their high heats of formation (Δ f H o = +109 kJ·mol -1 ), [14] often combined with good thermal stabilities and reasonable sensitivities as a result of the aromatic ring systems.…”

Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of 3, 4′‐Bis‐1H‐1, 2,4‐triazolium Picrate Salt: A New High‐Energy Density Material

“…Additionally, the element nitrogen in a triazole ring can be either anion or cation while forming azole salts. [22] In our research, we have chosen 3,4-bis-1,2,4-1H-triazole(TRTR) as cation and picric acid (PA) as anion to synthesize a new energetic salt. PA is a rich oxygen atom acid with strong oxidation, [23] which make it very easy to react with surroundings.…”