3 alpha, 17 beta-androstanediol glucuronide in plasma. A marker of androgen action in idiopathic hirsutism.

Horton, Richard; Hawks, D.; Løbo, Rogerio A.

doi:10.1172/jci110558

Cited by 180 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, androgens did not change after surgery to a significant degree within the first 8 weeks after surgery, consistent with previous reports on ‘normal’ levels in BPH and PCa patients [15, 16, 17], on the lack of correlation with PSA values [18, 19], and on unaltered serum androgens after removal of adenomas [20]. Furthermore, 3α,17β–androstanediol glucuronide, a DHT metabolite and marker of androgen action [21], was not significantly altered in men developing PCa [22]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Advanced Prostate Cancer Is Associated with a Decrease in Serum Luteinizing Hormone

Hilz

Graefen²,

Noldus³

et al. 2000

European Urology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Advanced Prostate Cancer Is Associated with a Decrease in Serum Luteinizing Hormone

Hilz

Graefen²,

Noldus³

et al. 2000

European Urology

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“…RIA measurements of 5α-androstan-3α,17β-diol glucuronide levels revealed that this metabolite was also present at background levels in the sera of type 2-deficient and type 1-and 2-deficient mice. This steroid is produced from DHT by reductive 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, and its presence in the plasma of humans is directly proportional to the level of DHT (34)(35)(36). Inasmuch as these findings translate to the mouse, the absence of 5α-androstan-3α,17β-diol glucuronide from the knockout animals suggests that circulating levels of DHT are, in fact, very low or absent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Unexpected Virilization in Male Mice Lacking Steroid 5α-Reductase Enzymes

et al. 2001

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Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 1 and 2 were produced by gene targeting and breeding. Male mice without 5α-reductase 2 or without both enzymes had fully formed internal and external genitalia and were fertile, but had smaller prostates and seminal vesicles than controls. T accumulated to high levels in the reproductive tissues of the mutant mice. DHT administration increased seminal vesicle and coagulating gland weights in mice deficient in 5α-reductase 2 and increased the weights of the prostate, seminal vesicle, and coagulating gland in animals deficient in both enzymes. An inhibitor of both 5α-reductases (GI 208335X) decreased prostate and coagulating gland weights of control mice, but had no effect in those lacking 5α-reductase 1 and 2. Castration reduced the sizes of these tissues in animals of all genotypes. Androgen-dependent gene expression was decreased in the seminal vesicles of mice lacking one or more 5α-reductases and was restored by administration of T or DHT. Female mice missing both enzymes exhibited parturition and fecundity defects similar to those of animals without 5α-reductase 1. We conclude that T is the only androgen required for differentiation of the male urogenital tract in mice and that the synthesis of DHT serves largely as a signal amplification mechanism.The formation of the human male phenotype requires T and DHT, which act through the AR to direct the virilization of different genital anlagen (1). T is necessary for differentiation of the Wolffian ducts into the seminal vesicles, epididymes, and ejaculatory ducts, whereas DHT is needed for the differentiation of the urogenital sinus and genital tubercle into the prostate, urethra, penis, and scrotum. The involvement of distinct androgens in these two developmental pathways is most clearly evidenced in patients with defects in the formation of T or DHT. Mutations that decrease the synthesis of T affect both developmental pathways, as T serves as a metabolic precursor of DHT (2). In contrast, a decrease in the synthesis of DHT is associated only with defects in the virilization of the urogenital sinus and genital tubercle (3,4). Studies in male rats with pharmacological inhibitors support a two-androgen model of phenotypic sexual differentiation in this species (5-7); however, it is not clear whether the requirement for T and DHT in the formation of the male phenotype extends across the mammalian class or why this need exists. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptThe conversion of T to DHT is catalyzed by steroid 5α-reductase, a membrane-bound enzyme that uses NADPH as a cofactor to reduce the Δ 4,5 bonds of various substrates (8).There are two 5α-reductase genes, and their encoded proteins, designated type 1 and type 2, share approximately 50% sequence identity (9). The enzymes have divergent biochemical and pharmacological properties, and they exhibit different tissue-specific and cell typespecific expression patterns that reflect their biological roles. For example, t...

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“…By contrast, clear alterations of the androgen profile in serum have been described in adult women with hirsutism. Horton et al [27]have demonstrated elevated 3α-androstanediol glucuronide and free testosterone serum levels in 25 women when compared to those determined in 16 normal women. Therefore, they propose that 3α-androstanediol glucuronide is a reliable serum marker of peripheral androgen action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Assessment and Serum Hormonal Profile in Prepubertal Hypertrichosis

Gryngarten

Bedecarrás²,

Ayuso³

et al. 2000

Horm Res Paediatr

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Twenty-two prepubertal girls with hypertrichosis were studied and compared to 10 prepubertal normal girls. Hypertrichosis was assessed according to a score that considers the amount and the distribution of vellus hair in androgen- and non-androgen-sensitive areas. Serum androgen profile and free androgen index (FAI) were determined in both groups. The hypertrichosis score was higher in patients than in the normal girls. Testosterone levels and FAI were increased in patients when compared to control; 3α-androstanediol glucuronide levels above 2 SD from the control mean were found in 10 girls and all hormonal parameters falling in the normal range were found in 4 girls. The new score designed to assess the degree of hypertrichosis was useful to differentiate between normal and pathological hair growth. Although most of the girls with prepubertal hypertrichosis showed an increased androgen bio-availability, a slight increase in peripheral 5α-reductase activity and a completely normal androgen profile was also associated with a pathological hair growth.

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3 alpha, 17 beta-androstanediol glucuronide in plasma. A marker of androgen action in idiopathic hirsutism.

Cited by 180 publications

References 28 publications

Advanced Prostate Cancer Is Associated with a Decrease in Serum Luteinizing Hormone

Advanced Prostate Cancer Is Associated with a Decrease in Serum Luteinizing Hormone

Unexpected Virilization in Male Mice Lacking Steroid 5α-Reductase Enzymes

Clinical Assessment and Serum Hormonal Profile in Prepubertal Hypertrichosis

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