2D Titanium Carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x) in Accommodating Intraocular Lens Design

Abstract

While intraocular lenses (IOL) are used to restore visual acuity in cataract patients, they are limited in their development as no clinically available lens can effectively mimic the accommodative function of the eye's natural lens. The optoelectronic properties of 2D transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes), including high electronic conductivity, optical transparency, flexibility, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity, suggest potential use within an accommodating IOL. This study investigates the use of Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) as a transparent, conductive electrode to allow changes in optical power. Ti 3 C 2 T x is synthesized and spin-coated on hydrophobic acrylate IOLs, achieving a sheet resistance ranging from 0.2-1.0 kΩ sq −1 with 50-80% transmittance in the visible region. Human lens epithelial and monocytic cells show no cytotoxic nor inflammatory response to the coated lenses. An adjustable focus test cell is fabricated using a liquid crystal (LC) layer sandwiched between Ti 3 C 2 T x coatings on a solid support. Molecular reorientation of the LC layer, through an applied electric field, results in changes in optical power as objects viewed through the test cell appeared in and out of focus. This study is the first step toward the use of Ti 3 C 2 T x within an accommodative IOL design through demonstration of reversible, controlled, adjustable focus.

Ultraefficiently Calming Cytokine Storm Using Ti3C2Tx MXene

“…[ 46 ] Although previous studies have shown that MXene nanosheets have good biocompatibility, the research on blood compatibility is still obscure yet. [ 47 ] In this research, we investigated the compatibility of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets in human blood (Figure 5b). Tables S1 and S2 (Supporting Information) show the details of different blood parameters before and after adding MXene/AC absorbents with the same mass loading in 12 blood samples (6 for MXene while 6 for AC).…”

Electrically Conductive 2D Material Coatings for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Comparative Review of Graphenes and MXenes

“…Conductive inks formulated with binders have tuneable electrical properties depending on the proportion of conductive fillers used. Some articles report conductivity as a function of filler loading [22,31,55,[84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] , and the most conductive formulations are shown for these cases. Sheet based coatings show the highest electrical conductivities, reaching 10 6 S m -1 , with the closest textile displaying two orders of magnitude lower values [93] than the best performing sheet [94] in terms of bulk conductivity.…”

“…Textile (Spandex) 1.00E+01 [176] Textile (TPU) 1.00E+00 [177] Graphene + MXene Sheet (Polyester) 1.20E+05 [178] MXene Sheet (Acrylate) 2.99E+02 5.77E+04 [91] Sheet (Filter Paper) 2.76E+03 [179] Sheet (PET) 5.21E+00 4.50E+05 [23,72,94] Sheet (PET) CNTs 6.15E+00 1.05E+06 [55] Sheet (PTFE) 1.00E+03 [180] Sheet (Paper) 1.67e+01 to 2.23e+03…”

MXenes: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics

“…Additionally, owing to the high electronic conductivity, optical transparency, flexibility, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity, it has been shown that Ti 3 C 2 T x thin films can be used as optically transparent electrodes for accommodative intraocular lenses (IOLs). [111] In using MXenes as IOLs, these thin film coatings maintain the image quality of the lenses, [109] Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH. b) Photoresponse of Ti 3 C 2 T x thin film (38 nm thick) with and without UV irradiation and exposure to ambient air for 30 min.…”