Ultraefficiently Calming Cytokine Storm Using Ti₃C₂T_x MXene

Abstract

During the global outbreak of COVID‐19 pandemic, “cytokine storm” conditions are regarded as the fatal step resulting in most mortality. Hemoperfusion is widely used to remove cytokines from the blood of severely ill patients to prevent uncontrolled inflammation induced by a cytokine storm. This article discoveres, for the first time, that 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene sheet demonstrates an ultrahigh removal capability for typical cytokine interleukin‐6. In particular, MXene shows a 13.4 times higher removal efficiency over traditional activated carbon absorbents. Molecular‐level investigations reveal that MXene exhibits a strong chemisorption mechanism for immobilizing cytokine interleukin‐6 molecules, which is different from activated carbon absorbents. MXene sheet also demonstrates excellent blood compatibility without any deleterious side influence on the composition of human blood. This work can open a new avenue to use MXene sheets as an ultraefficient hemoperfusion absorbent to eliminate the cytokine storm syndrome in treatment of severe COVID‐19 patients.

Mesoporous Carbon Nanotablets Coupled with Mo2C Nanoparticles: Combining Morphology and Structure to Realize High Activity for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

“…Among of many methods of hydrogen production, the developments of sustainable and clean route, involving electrocatalytic water splitting, are urgent . However, the challenges of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rely on design and synthesis of outstanding electrocatalysts . Although Pt‐based catalysts are confirmed to be high active electrocatalyst for HER, Pt‐free materials including transition metal carbides, sulfides, and oxide materials are expected to substitute for noble metal as electrocatalysts for water splitting because of their low cost and high abundance in nature.…”

Highly Efficient Adsorption of Bilirubin by Ti3C2Tx MXene

“…The results of previous work showed that the clearance of electrolytes and beneficial proteins in plasma by MXene was within the allowable range. The effect on coagulation time and hemolysis rate was also in the normal range, which proved that MXene had good biocompatibility [24] …”

“…The effect on coagulation time and hemolysis rate was also in the normal range, which proved that MXene had good biocompatibility. [24] To explore the adsorption capacity of MXene for bilirubin, we carried out the adsorption experiment of MXene in the bilirubin solution. According to the previous data, the normal reference range of adult total bilirubin is about 1.7-20.1 μmol L À 1 .…”

“…In the previous part of our work, we have demonstrated the low hemolysis rate of MXene, and blood can still clot in the normal time range at a high MXene concentration of 2 mg mL À 1 . [24] In this work, we also completed the cytotoxicity test of MXene, the cells used in experiments were Vero cells (African green monkey kidney cells), and the kit used in our experiments is the cck-8 kit. Vero cells were incubated in MXene solution of 0, 0.2 μg mL À 1 and 0.5 μg mL À 1 respectively for 12 hours, and the survival rate of Vero cells was detected.…”

Simultaneous Preparation and Functionalization of Ultrathin Few−layer Black Phosphorus Nanosheets and Their Electrocatalytic OER and HER Performance

“…Nowadays, there are more and more fundamental researches on the application of electrocatalysis [14–17] . Up to date, Pt−based catalysts and RuO 2 /IrO 2 with low overpotentials and high durability are state−of−the−art HER and OER electrocatalysts, respectively [18,19] . However, since they belong to precious metal−based materials, they suffer from their high cost and scarcity.…”