2D Sequential Restoration and Basin Evolution of the Wichianburi Sub-basin, Phetchabun Basin, Central Thailand

Abstract

The Wichianburi Sub-basin is currently the only productive area in the southern part of the Phetchabun Basin, central Thailand. It is structurally dominated by NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW trending normal faults as a result of multistage rifting since the Late Oligocene. Half-graben and full-graben basin geometries can be observed from 2D regional seismic sections. In this study, structural restoration techniques were applied to validate the structural interpretation of the original hardcopy of the 2D seismic sections. Stratigraphic information is compiled from published papers and well reports. Our results revealed that most of the deformation was concentrated during the Late Oligocene. Main depocenters for the syn-rift sediments focused in the basin center along the west-dipping normal faults. These faults cut the prerift section and their orientations were possibly controlled by the Permo-Triassic fabrics that underlie the Phetchabun Basin. By measuring the length of the profiles before and after faulting, the restorations show that the extensions of the Wichianburi Subbasin decrease from 12.30% during the main rift phase (Late Oligocene to Early Miocene) to 2.53% during the second phase of rifting. Rifting only focused in the basin center with the development of NNW-SSE to N-S trending intrarift faults. Since the Middle Miocene, the Wichianburi Subbasin has developed under the tectonic phase of post-rift subsidence with interruption by intrusive activities.

Architecture and evolution of shelf‐margin clinoforms developed in a back‐arc tectonic setting: Insights from quantitative analysis on the south‐west shelf margin of the Ulleung Basin

“…Structural balancing (structural restoration) is another available tool for identifying and exploring deformation (Groshong Jr, 2006; Nunns, 1991). However, this method has limitations of requiring many detailed parameter values, such as the rock's physical properties, geothermal gradient, rate of strata compaction, rate of basin subsidence, shear strength and shear orientation (Jamaludin et al., 2015; Jitmahantakul et al., 2020). In the present study, seismic horizon flattening instead of structural balancing was used to evaluate the pre‐deformation stage of the southwestern Ulleung Basin to avoid ambiguity from several balancing assumptions.…”

Assessing the rate of crustal extension by 2D sequential restoration analysis: A case study from the active portion of the Malta Escarpment

“…), which are applied to validate structural interpretations or to recover deformation, subsidence or any other tectonic processes to be analysed. As seismic data are frequently not associated with well data, application of sequential restoration techniques provides a powerful tool for the validation of structural interpretation (Jamaludin et al., 2015; Jitmahantakul et al., 2020; Lopez‐Mir et al., 2014), and formulation of kinematic structural models (Lopez‐Mir et al., 2014; Suppe, 1983; Suppe & Medwedeff, 1990). Restoration methods are usually based on ‘balanced cross‐sections’ as defined by Dahlstrom (1969) and Elliot (1983), which are useful for prediction of geometry at depth (Bally et al., 1966; Chamberlin, 1910; Dahlstrom, 1969, 1970; Groshong, 1990; Wang et al., 2017; White et al., 1986; Williams & Vann, 1987), and through which all available data are analysed to ensure that they are geometrically plausible and geologically consistent.…”

“…More recently, greater computational power has led to a significant acceleration in section modelling and restorations (see Gratier et al., 1991; Maerten, 2007, among many others). Thanks to such a technological advance, structural balancing and horizon flattening were applied to rectify seismic interpretation in extensional settings (Jamaludin et al., 2015) or to validate 2D seismic interpretation and to calculate extension in various rift phases (Jitmahantakul et al., 2020). Application of the above‐mentioned methods represents a powerful approach for basin analysis and for detailing how deformation evolves through time in various tectonic contexts (extensional, compressional or composite).…”