2D semiconductors for specific electronic applications: from device to system

Abstract

The shrinking of transistors has hit a wall of material degradation and the specialized electronic applications for complex scenarios have raised challenges in heterostructures integration. Intriguingly, two-dimensional (2D) materials have excellent performance even at monolayer. The rich band structures and the lattice-mismatch-free heterostructures can further develop specific mechanisms to meet the demands of various electronic systems. Here we review the progress of 2D semiconductors to develop specific electronic applications from devices to systems. Focusing on the ultra-thin high-performance nanosheets for transistor channels, we consider channel optimization, contact characteristics, dielectric integration. Then we examined 2D semiconductors for specific electronic functions including computing, memory and sense. Finally, we discuss the specific applications of functionalized arrays aiming at problems that are difficult to solve with bulk materials, like the fusion of memory and computation and the all-in-one system.

Image-Force Barrier Lowering for Two-Dimensional Materials: Direct Determination and Method of Images on a Cone Manifold

“…5,6 One of the most promising avenues for 2D materials towards practical applications is the use of 2D semiconductors, especially TMDs, as the channel material for transistors. [7][8][9][10] However, the future use of 2D semiconducting materials for electronic device applications hinges on the ability to make low-resistance contacts. 1,[11][12][13][14] A significant amount of attention has recently been paid to the theoretical modeling of contact resistance in 2D materials.…”

Two-Dimensional Dielectrics for Future Electronics: Hexagonal Boron Nitride, Oxyhalides, Transition-Metal Nitride Halides, and Beyond

“…The distinction between semiconductors and insulators is a practical one where semiconductors have a bandgap that is sufficiently large to clearly separate the conduction and valence band but small enough so that electrons/holes can occupy the conduction/valence band. To date, an overwhelming majority of the 2D materials that have been investigated are semiconductors: transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorene, tellurene, , graphane, and several others are only a fraction of the gigantic family of semiconductors. In the past few years, some semimetals such as silicene and 2D topological insulators like stanene have been widely investigated, , but the only 2D insulator that has received a lot of attention is hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) …”

Deciphering Alloy Composition in Superconducting Single-Layer FeSe1–xSx on SrTiO3(001) Substrates by Machine Learning of STM/S Data

“…Chemical doping is often exploited to tune material properties. − For example, in semiconductors, aliovalent substitution leads to p- and n-type doping, the key elements of devices such as diodes and transistors that enable applications in modern electronics such as information processing, sensing, energy harvesting, and medical devices. − Though a critical component, such substitutions can also introduce chemical and electronic inhomogeneities at the nanoscale, which can significantly impact the carrier mobility and performance of semiconducting devices. These inhomogeneities can be particularly detrimental with shrinking device dimensions, including the recent emergence of two-dimensional semiconducting monolayered materials. − On the other hand, for quantum materials, these heterogeneities are usually correlated and give rise to quantum phenomena such as entanglement and topological effects, magnetism, and superconductivity. − , For instance, vacancy defects in wide bandgap semiconductors, such as diamond and silicon carbide, can result in tightly bound and robust spin states even at room temperature. Such quantum states are promising candidates for qubits that can be entangled with their neighbors and addressed by both optical and microwave techniques .…”