2D in Seconds: Coupling of Chip-HPLC with Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Abstract

The online hyphenation of chip-based high-performance liquid chromatography (chip-HPLC) with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) via fully integrated electrospray emitters is introduced. A custom-built drift tube IMS with shifted potentials was developed in order to keep the IMS orifice electrically grounded, allowing for a robust coupling with chip-HPLC. Proof-of-concept studies with the newly developed analytical setup revealed the suitability of IMS as a promising and powerful detection concept for chip-based separation techniques. Comparison of IMS with fluorescence detection and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) allowed a more detailed characterization of the IMS as a new detection method for chip-HPLC. Moreover, the analysis of a mixture consisting of three isobaric antidepressants demonstrated the performance of chip-HPLC/IMS as a miniaturized two-dimensional separation technique.

Towards spatial comprehensive three-dimensional liquid chromatography: A tutorial review

“…Many groups have been working on miniaturizing certain components of mass analyzers, which was greatly aided by the high precision sub-µm structuring capabilities of photolithographic and etching techniques utilized to construct microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [99,100]. The need for portable and field-deployable mass analyzers has resulted in the miniaturization of different types of mass filters, including time-of-flight analyzers [101,102], quadrupole mass filters [103,104], and ion traps [105][106][107][108][109].…”

Trendbericht Analytische Chemie II: Trenntechniken und Elektroanalytik

“…Die ersten erfolgreichen Arbeiten zur Kopplung von Elektrophorese 29) wie auch Chromatographiechips mit der IMS zeigten die Vorteile solcher Methoden zum Beispiel anhand der umfassenden zweidimensionalen Trennung isobarer Antidepressiva (Abbildung 4) innerhalb weniger Sekunden. 30)…”

IMS Instrumentation I: Isolated data acquisition for ion mobility spectrometers with grounded ion sources

“…For example, ionization sources requiring more complex driver electronics, such as non-radioactive electron emitters [6][7][8] or X-ray sources [9,10]. Furthermore, other instruments such as gas chromatographs (GC) with heated transfer lines [11,12], liquid chromatographs (LC) [13] or syringe pumps for direct electrospray ionization (ESI) [14,15] often require to be referenced to ground potential. Finally, a dual drift tube IMS for simultaneously recording both ion polarities [16,17] requires at least one of the two detectors at high potential, as it is not possible to extract both the positive and negative ions from the ion source with two grounded detectors.…”