Barotrauma after liquid nitrogen ingestion: a case report and literature review

Zheng, Yan; Yang, Xiaoxia; Ni, Xinli

doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1494492

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It also appears from the case reports that adverse outcomes related to LN 2 in food may be more frequent in males than females (2,30,41,43). For example, of the 17 cases found in this review, 11 were male and 6 were female.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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A Qualitative Risk Assessment of Liquid Nitrogen in Foods and Beverages

Ali

Farber

Kim

et al. 2021

FPT

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Smokey liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) infusions are one of the latest eye-catching food trends. With its ability to create fog-like effects and flash freeze foods, LN 2 has become popular for use in ice cream, snacks, and cocktails recently. Although perceived to be harmless, there are incidents of consumers suffering adverse health effects after consuming foods prepared with LN 2 . Thus, a qualitative risk assessment was undertaken to estimate the potential risks to consumers. Through an analysis of gray and scientific literature, case reports related to inhalation, ingestion, and contact with LN 2 were reviewed for relevant information. It was found that inhalation of LN 2 vapors could potentially cause rare, but serious, injuries such as respiratory distress and asphyxia. Ingestion injuries, which typically result after consuming LN 2 before it fully evaporates, often include gastrointestinal barotrauma and rupture. Lastly, when skin or tissues come in contact with LN 2 for more than a short period of time, frostbite can occur. To reduce the risks posed to consumers, it is recommended that (i) vendors are properly trained to handle and serve LN 2 , (ii) patrons are given clear instructions on how to safely consume such treats, and (iii) regulatory agencies put appropriate regulatory interventions into action as needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Although individuals may also be exposed to LN 2 in nonretail food settings (e.g., schools, homes, etc. ), these types of encounters are very rare (23,43). Additionally, LN 2 is not readily available for purchase at most stores because very few specialty retailers and distributors sell the agent.…”

Section: Likelihood Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Risk Assessment of Liquid Nitrogen in Foods and Beverages

Ali

Farber

Kim

et al. 2021

FPT

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“…Hasil penelitian tersebut bertentangan dengan teori yang dikemukakan oleh Zheng et al, (7) bahwa pekerjaan penyelaman penyelaman selalu diincar bahaya baik sebagai akibat dari perubahan tekanan, temperatur air, maupun terhadap kehidupan bawah air lainnya. Beberapa penyakit akibat penyelaman, meliputi: Barotrauma, keracunan gas, penyakit dekompresi (kelumpuhan), dan serangan dari binatang laut yang berbahaya baik yang berbisa maupun yang beracun (3) .…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Persepsi Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Menyelam pada Penyelam Tradisional dengan Kelumpuhan di Provinsi Maluku: Studi Kualitatif

Wabula

Kusnanto

Purwanto

2019

JPKSF

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Background: One of the diverse communities was found in Maluku Province. Traditional diver diving expertise is obtained from generation to generation. Traditional divers have not received formal education and training related to diving. The safety and health aspects of the driving method and the tools used are not according to the standard. The risk of injury and illness due to non-standard diving has increased even higher, although to date the health aspects of traditional divers in Maluku Province have never been explored. Objective: This study aims to explore the perceptions of the risk of diving safety and health behavior in traditional divers who experience paralysis in Maluku Province. Method: The study used qualitative with a case study approach. The subjects of this study were traditional diver fishermen in Ambon City, West Seram District, and Buru Province District with ten participants. The research phase in the form of an interview will begin on January 15 - February 15, 2019. Data analysis uses thematic theory driven. Results: Identification found two main themes: 1) Vulnerability; and 2) Severity. Conclusion: Traditional diver's perceptions of safety and health while diving can form self-efficacy so as to reduce morbidity and mortality from diving. Keyword: perception; safety and health behavior; and traditional divers ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Salah satu komunitas penyelam ditemukan di Provinsi Maluku. Keahlian menyelam penyelam tradisional diperoleh secara turun temurun. Penyelam tradisional belum memperoleh pendidikan dan pelatihan formal terkait penyelaman. Aspek keselamatan dan kesehatan dari metode menyelam dan alat yang digunakan belum sesuai standar. Risiko cidera dan penyakit akibat penyelaman yang tidak standar meningkat lebih tinggi, meskipun sampai saat ini aspek kesehatan penyelam tradisional di Provinsi Maluku belum pernah di ekplorasi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tentang persepsi risiko perilaku keselamatan dan kesehatan menyelam pada penyelam tradisional yang mengalami kelumpuhan di Provinsi Maluku. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah nelayan penyelam tradisional yang berada di Kota Ambon, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, dan Kabupaten Buru Provinsi sejumlah sepuluh partisipan. Tahap penelitian berupa wawancara akan dimulai pada 15 Januari – 15 Februari 2019. Analisis data mengunakan tematik theory driven. Hasil: Identifikasi menemukan dua tema utama: 1) Kerentanan; dan 2) Keparahan. Kesimpulan: Persepsi penyelam tradisional tentang keselamatan dan kesehatan saat menyelam dapat membentuk efikasi diri sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian akibat menyelam. Kata kunci: persepsi; perilaku keselamatan dan kesehatan; dan penyelam tradisional

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“…L iquid nitrogen (LN) is a colorless, odorless, nontoxic, cryogenic fluid that rapidly evaporates when exposed to room temperature, resulting in a smoke-like effect due to its extremely low boiling point of −196°C. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] This is exploited by establishments that prepare frozen desserts, cocktails, and snacks. One popular snack marketed in the United States as "Dragon's Breath," "Heaven's Breath," or "Nitro Puff " attracts young patrons in malls, food courts, kiosks, fairs, and food retail locations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid nitrogen ingestion can result in mucosal thermal injury and barotrauma as the liquid to gas expansion ratio results in volume increase at a rate of 1 to 694. [1][2][3][4][5]8 Hollow viscous injury associated with LN ingestion affects the stomach, causing it to distend and rupture generally along the lesser curvature where it is fixed by the left gastric artery, celiac trunk, and gastroesophageal junction. [1][2][3][4] Prompt medical evaluation and surgical consultation are paramount after ingestion of LN in symptomatic patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Nitrogen Applied at Point of Sale

Escobar

Granger²,

Hogan³

et al. 2020

Pediatr Emer Care

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The August 30, 2018, US Food and Drug Administration advisory warned consumers to avoid eating, drinking, or handling food products prepared with liquid nitrogen (LN) (US FDA. Safety Alerts & Advisories: FDA Advises Consumers to Avoid Eating, Drinking, or Handling Food Products Prepared with Liquid Nitrogen at the Point of Sale. US Food and Drug Administration). We report on the case of a pediatric patient sustaining gastric perforation after ingestion of LN applied to food at the point of sale in the United States. "Dragon's Breath" is a popular snack of cereal puffs coated in LN giving the allusion of breathing smoke on ingestion. Instructions provided by vendors include avoidance of touching or drinking the liquid in the bottom of the cup. We report on a case of a 9-year-old girl presenting with peritonitis and gross pneumoperitoneum after consumption of Dragon's Breath with injury conferred secondary to LN ingestion. Intraoperative finding of a large perforation along the lesser curvature of the stomach was repaired primarily with an omental overlay. Her postoperative course was complicated by pneumonia and a surgical site infection. She was discharged 13 days after admission. A review of the literature of previous case reports of LN ingestion by intentional or accidental means is provided. This case report and review of the literature bring awareness of the dangers posed to pediatric patients exposed to LN applied at the point of sale.

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Barotrauma after liquid nitrogen ingestion: a case report and literature review

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

A Qualitative Risk Assessment of Liquid Nitrogen in Foods and Beverages

A Qualitative Risk Assessment of Liquid Nitrogen in Foods and Beverages

Persepsi Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Menyelam pada Penyelam Tradisional dengan Kelumpuhan di Provinsi Maluku: Studi Kualitatif

Liquid Nitrogen Applied at Point of Sale

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