Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on acid-base status and dry matter intake in dry pregnant cows

Zimpel, R.; Poindexter, M.B.; Vieira-Neto, A.; Block, E.; Nelson, Corwin D.; Staples, C.R.; Thatcher, W.W.; Santos, J.E.P.

doi:10.3168/jds.2018-14748

Cited by 48 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…It is possible, therefore, that the difference in BW may reflect less rumen fill associated with less DMI as well as, or independent of, an effect on body tissue mass. An effect of a diet with negative DCAD is to depress DMI, as demonstrated by Charbonneau et al (2006), Santos et al (2019), and Zimpel et al (2018), which was also observed in the current study. As anticipated, urinary pH reduced by 1.226 U in the treated cows, reflecting the metabolic acidification resulting from the strong ion differences of the treatments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Lean

Santos

Block³

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Prepartum diets influence cow performance for weeks to months postpartum. This observation leads to questions about milk yield and physiological and health responses to diets with negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD). Further, responses to increased intake of a diet with lower DCAD (Eq/d) have not been explored using meta-analysis. Our objectives were to explore the effects of prepartum DCAD intake on metabolism and production and health as well as the potential for differences in intake of other macrominerals to influence responses to differences in DCAD intake using classical meta-analytical methods. Not all treated groups were fed a diet with negative DCAD, and the effect studied is that of reducing the DCAD. We hypothesized that reducing DCAD intake would improve Ca metabolism and postpartum performance. We used a maximum of 58 comparisons from 31 experiments and a total of 1,571 cows. Intakes of DCAD were 2.28 Eq/d and −0.64 Eq/d for the control, higher DCAD and treated, lower DCAD groups, respectively. Diets with lower DCAD reduced urine pH [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.90 and weighted mean difference (WMD) −1.23 pH]. Intake of lower DCAD decreased prepartum DMI (SMD = 0.23; WMD = 0.29 kg/d), increased postpartum DMI (SMD = 0.40; WMD = 0.63 kg/d), and increased milk yield (SMD = 0.172). However, we found an interaction with parity; diets with lower DCAD increased milk yield in parous cows (SMD = 0.29; WMD = 1.1 kg/d) but resulted in numerically lower milk yield in nulliparous cows (SMD = −0.20; WMD = 1.28 kg/d) compared with controls. The FCM yield increased with treatment (SMD = 0.12; WMD = 0.56 kg/d); however, yield of treated cows tended to be greater in parous cows but smaller for nulliparous cows compared with controls. Milk fat percentage, milk fat yield, and milk protein percentages were not affected by treatment, although milk protein yield tended to increase in cows fed the lower DCAD diet (SMD = 0.21; WMD = 0.02 kg/d). Treatment increased blood Ca (SMD = 0.53; WMD = 0.13 mM) and P (SMD = 0.40; WMD = 0.13 mM) on the day of calving and Ca postpartum (SMD = 0.36; WMD = 0.06 mM). Treated cows had smaller concentration of blood BHB before calving than controls (SMD = −0.39; WMD = −0.04 mM). Reducing DCAD in cows resulted in decreased risks of clinical hypocalcemia (risk ratio = 0.60) and retained placenta (risk ratio = 0.59), and reduced the odds of metritis (odds ratio = 0.46) and overall disease (OR = 0.61). We observed no effect on risk of abomasal displacement or mastitis and no effect of differences between treated and control cows in Ca intake (g/d) on the outcomes evaluated. A positive role for increased Mg intake between groups for increased milk fat yield and in reducing the risk of retained placenta was identified. Diets with lower DCAD improved performance of parous dairy cows, and our findings suggest a need for more studies on the effects of a lower DCAD on nulliparous transition cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Lean

Santos

Block³

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

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“…Luebbe et al [44] also reported that urinary pH increased as DCAD increased. These decrease in pH of urine noticed during the feeding period when fed total mix ration with a DCAD between −100 and −200 mEq/kg of DM [45,35,9]. Our findings reflect that increase or decrease in urine pH in DCAD fed animals was because of the alkaline or acidic nature of the diet respectively, which is the function of salts used for the respective mineral composition.…”

Section: Effect On Urine Phsupporting

confidence: 53%

Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on Milk Composition and Blood Mineral Status of Peripartum Buffaloes

Patel

Lailer

Vipin

et al. 2020

CJAST

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This study aimed to determine the effect of diet formulated to provide prepartum (DCAD= -749.16 mEq/head/day) and postpartum (DCAD = 1473.56 mEq/head/day) by feeding 90 g of an anionic and 120 g cationic salt respectively, on blood mineral concentration, health, postpartum milk production and composition in buffaloes. Twenty multiparous buffaloes were enrolled 21 days before expected calving date and divided into two groups. The treatment group with 10 cows received anionic rations for - 21 day to parturition and cationic ration from parturition to +21 days, while the control group was fed a usual ration. Postpartum incidences of milk fever, dystocia, retention of placenta, mastitis as well as weekly data of milk production, and milk composition were recorded. Plasma samples obtained at days -21, -10, -1, +1, +10 and +21 relative to calving were analyzed for calcium and magnesium. Magnesium concentration was increased with reduced prepartum Dietary Cation-Anion Difference (DCAD) in the diet value being 2.77±0.13 mg/dl and 3.15±0.12 mg/dl for the control and treatment group respectively, one day before calving. Calcium concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) just one day before calving and it further higher (P<0.001) at 1, 10 and 21 days after calving in the treatment group as compared to the control group. Considerable reduction in per cent incidence of parturient paresis (10.0 vs. 20.0), and prolapse (0.0 vs. 10.0) was observed treatment group as compared to the control group. The DCAD concentration had no effect on milk yield, protein, lactose and fat corrected milk, but postpartum milk fat was significantly increased by the treatment. It may be concluded that by altering DCAD of the diet can increase postpartum milk fat with benefits in calcium status and reduced disease incidence without negatively affecting performance in periparturient buffaloes.

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“…The current study showed that reducing the DCAD caused a reduction in DMI prepartum, but the same reduction in DCAD improved intake postpartum. The decline in intake prepartum seems to be induced by the metabolic acidosis and not by use of a particular source of strong ions supplemented to the diet (Vagnoni and Oetzel, 1998;Zimpel et al, 2018). Zimpel et al (2018) recently showed that feeding a diet with negative DCAD induced a compensated metabolic acidosis and depressed DMI, but the same diet with acidogenic product supplemented with salts containing strong cations to result in a positive DCAD prevented the depression in intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of the effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference on performance and health of dairy cows

Santos

Lean²,

Golder³

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

102

107

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The objectives were to use meta-analytic methods to determine the effects of changes in dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) prepartum on productive performance and health of dairy cows. The literature was systematically reviewed, searching randomized experiments with transition cows that manipulated the prepartum DCAD or experiments with acidogenic diets in which dietary Ca, P, or Mg was manipulated. Forty-two experiments, including 134 treatment means and 1,803 cows, were included in the meta-analysis. Of those, 5 experiments with 15 treatment means reported responses for 151 nulliparous cows. Data collected included the mineral composition of prepartum diets, parity group prepartum, breed, days on treatment, and means and respective measure of variance for urine pH, dry matter intake (DMI), body weight, body condition, productive performance, concentrations of minerals and metabolites in blood, and incidence of diseases. Mixed effects meta-analyses were conducted weighting by the inverse of standard error of the means squared to account for the precision of each experiment. Models include the effects of DCAD, parity group prepartum, interaction between DCAD and parity group, and other covariates that showed significance in univariable analysis. Final models were selected based on parsimony and model fit. Reducing the prepartum DCAD reduced intake prepartum but improved intake postpartum in both parity groups. Interactions between DCAD and parity group occurred for yields of milk, fat-corrected milk (FCM), fat, and protein because reducing the DCAD improved those responses in parous cows; however, reducing the DCAD either had no effect on yields of milk and protein or reduced the yield of FCM and fat in nulliparous cows. The resulting equations from the statistical models predicted that reducing the DCAD from +200 to −100 mEq/kg would increase blood total Ca on the day of calving from 1.86 to 2.04 ± 0.05 mM, DMI postpartum 1.0 kg/d, and milk yield 1.7 kg/d in parous cows. The increased concentrations of blood total Ca at calving and postpartum explained the marked reduction in risk of milk fever in parous cows with a reduction in DCAD. As the DCAD decreased, the risk of retained placenta and metritis also decreased, resulting in fewer disease events per cow in both nulliparous and parous cows. Dietary concentrations of Ca, P, or Mg prepartum had no effect on DMI or yields of milk and FCM; however, increasing dietary Ca within the study range of 0.16 to 1.98% of dry matter tended to increase the risk of milk fever in parous cows regardless of DCAD fed. Collectively, results support the recommendation of prepartum acidogenic diets to result in a negative DCAD to parous cows with improvements in lactation performance and reduced risk of diseases; however, the range of DCAD fed did not allow for detection of an optimum value for postpartum performance. On the other hand, despite improvements in blood concentrations of Ca and reduction in uterine diseases with a reduction in DCAD fed to nulliparous cows, productiv...

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Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on acid-base status and dry matter intake in dry pregnant cows

Cited by 48 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on Milk Composition and Blood Mineral Status of Peripartum Buffaloes

Meta-analysis of the effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference on performance and health of dairy cows

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