Meta-analysis of the effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference on performance and health of dairy cows

Santos, J.E.P.; Lean, I.J.; Golder, H.M.; Block, E.

doi:10.3168/jds.2018-14628

Cited by 98 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Responses of interest included prepartum DMI, postpartum productive performance, concentrations of minerals and blood metabolites associated with energy metabolism during the peripartum period, and incidence of health problems. Details of the literature search can be found elsewhere in the companion manuscript (Santos et al, 2019).…”

Section: Search Of the Published Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For our study, only experiments containing a comparison that had DCAD manipulated before calving and a control group were used. Details of the search literature can be found in the companion manuscript (Santos et al, 2019). Figure 1 depicts a PRISMA diagram (Moher et al, 2009) of the flow of data collection for the metaanalysis.…”

Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequency data were collected for treatments with the number of affected and nonaffected individuals for the responses evaluated. Methods for data extraction are reported elsewhere (Santos et al, 2019).…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lean et al (2014) evaluated milk yield responses to DCAD treatments, but the database was derived from a subpopulation of a previous meta-analytical study (Lean et al, 2006); as such, a need exists to evaluate more recent experiments to assess this effect. A need also exists to evaluate the effect of dietary mineral inclusions, expressed as a percentage of dietary DM, on periparturient disorders other than clinical hypocalcemia, milk yield and components, and on mineral and energy metabolism; these are addressed, specifically and as an essential focus of this paper, and also in a companion paper (Santos et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Lean

Santos

Block³

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Prepartum diets influence cow performance for weeks to months postpartum. This observation leads to questions about milk yield and physiological and health responses to diets with negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD). Further, responses to increased intake of a diet with lower DCAD (Eq/d) have not been explored using meta-analysis. Our objectives were to explore the effects of prepartum DCAD intake on metabolism and production and health as well as the potential for differences in intake of other macrominerals to influence responses to differences in DCAD intake using classical meta-analytical methods. Not all treated groups were fed a diet with negative DCAD, and the effect studied is that of reducing the DCAD. We hypothesized that reducing DCAD intake would improve Ca metabolism and postpartum performance. We used a maximum of 58 comparisons from 31 experiments and a total of 1,571 cows. Intakes of DCAD were 2.28 Eq/d and −0.64 Eq/d for the control, higher DCAD and treated, lower DCAD groups, respectively. Diets with lower DCAD reduced urine pH [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.90 and weighted mean difference (WMD) −1.23 pH]. Intake of lower DCAD decreased prepartum DMI (SMD = 0.23; WMD = 0.29 kg/d), increased postpartum DMI (SMD = 0.40; WMD = 0.63 kg/d), and increased milk yield (SMD = 0.172). However, we found an interaction with parity; diets with lower DCAD increased milk yield in parous cows (SMD = 0.29; WMD = 1.1 kg/d) but resulted in numerically lower milk yield in nulliparous cows (SMD = −0.20; WMD = 1.28 kg/d) compared with controls. The FCM yield increased with treatment (SMD = 0.12; WMD = 0.56 kg/d); however, yield of treated cows tended to be greater in parous cows but smaller for nulliparous cows compared with controls. Milk fat percentage, milk fat yield, and milk protein percentages were not affected by treatment, although milk protein yield tended to increase in cows fed the lower DCAD diet (SMD = 0.21; WMD = 0.02 kg/d). Treatment increased blood Ca (SMD = 0.53; WMD = 0.13 mM) and P (SMD = 0.40; WMD = 0.13 mM) on the day of calving and Ca postpartum (SMD = 0.36; WMD = 0.06 mM). Treated cows had smaller concentration of blood BHB before calving than controls (SMD = −0.39; WMD = −0.04 mM). Reducing DCAD in cows resulted in decreased risks of clinical hypocalcemia (risk ratio = 0.60) and retained placenta (risk ratio = 0.59), and reduced the odds of metritis (odds ratio = 0.46) and overall disease (OR = 0.61). We observed no effect on risk of abomasal displacement or mastitis and no effect of differences between treated and control cows in Ca intake (g/d) on the outcomes evaluated. A positive role for increased Mg intake between groups for increased milk fat yield and in reducing the risk of retained placenta was identified. Diets with lower DCAD improved performance of parous dairy cows, and our findings suggest a need for more studies on the effects of a lower DCAD on nulliparous transition cows.

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Section: Search Of the Published Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Lean

Santos

Block³

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Results of these studies indicated that lower DCAD in association with the above factors was effective in improving homeostasis of peripheral blood Ca. Most recently, Santos et al [19] and Lean et al [20] used meta-analyses to determine the effects of varying DCAD on the performance, production, and health of cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing dietary cation–anion difference seldom affects rumen fermentation, cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota in goats

Yang

Tian

Jian

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) has been receiving increased attention in recent years; however, information on the rumen fermentation, cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota of goats fed a low-DCAD diet is less. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of feeding a low-DCAD diet for goats with emphasis on rumen fermentation parameters, cellulolytic bacteria populations and microbiota. Growth performance, urine pH, and plasma metabolites were also analyzed as well. Materials and method: Eighteen goats were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with six replicates of each treatment and 1 goat per replicate. Animals were fed diets with varying DCAD levels at +338 (High DCAD; HD), +152 (Control; CON), and −181 (Low DCAD; LD). This study includes 15-d experimental period and 30-d adaption period. Results: The DCAD level did not affect the rumen fermentation parameters including pH, buffering capability, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, total volatile fatty acids, and ratio of acetic acid/propionic acid (P > 0.05). The 4 main ruminal cellulolytic bacteria populations including Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminococcus albus did not differ from DCAD treatments (P > 0.05). The DCAD levels did not affect bacterial richness and diversity indicated by the indices Chao, Ace and Simpson and Shannon, respectively (P > 0.05). Both weighted UniFrac and unweighted UniFrac showed no difference in the composition of rumen microbiota for CON, HD and LD (P > 0.05). At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was the predominant phylum followed by Firmicutes, Synergistetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetae, and Tenericutes, and they showed no difference (P > 0.05) in relative abundances except for Firmicutes, which was higher in HD and LD compared to CON (P < 0.05). At the genus level, relative abundance of 11 genera were not affected by DCAD treatments (P > 0.05). Level of DCAD had no effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance including dry matter intake, average net gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio; and nutrients digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and organic matter (P > 0.05). Urine pH in LD was lower than HD and CON (P < 0.05). LD resulted in higher plasma calcium than HD and CON (P < 0.05) but not for other plasma metabolites (P > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that, with regard to the great importance of rumen fermentation, these results suggest that reducing DCAD is unharmful for rumen status and provide the feasibility of feeding a low-DCAD to goats.

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Nutrition, Digestion and Absorption: Nutritional and Immunological Interactions

Nelson

Bradford

2022

Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences

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Meta-analysis of the effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference on performance and health of dairy cows

Cited by 98 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Reducing dietary cation–anion difference seldom affects rumen fermentation, cellulolytic bacteria populations, and microbiota in goats

Nutrition, Digestion and Absorption: Nutritional and Immunological Interactions

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