Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence

Abstract

Objective: Current guidelines for prevention of obesity in childhood and adolescence are discussed. Methods: A literature search was performed in Medline via PubMed, and appropriate studies were analyzed. Results: Programs to prevent childhood obesity have so far remained mainly school-based and effects have been limited. Analyses by age group show that prevention programs have the best results in younger children (<12 years). Evidence-based recommendations for pre-school- and early school-aged children indicate the need for interventions that address parents and teachers alike. During adolescence, school-based interventions proved most effective when adolescents were addressed directly. To date, obesity prevention programs have mainly focused on behavior-oriented prevention. Recommendations for community- or environment-based prevention have been suggested by the German Alliance of Noncommunicable Diseases and include a minimum of 1 h of physical activity at school, promotion of healthy food choices by taxing unhealthy foods, mandatory standards for meals at kindergartens and schools as well as a ban on unhealthy food advertisement aimed at children. Conclusion: Behavior-oriented prevention programs showed only limited long-term effects. Certain groups at risk for the development of obesity are not reached effectively by current programs. Although universally valid conclusions cannot be drawn given the heterogeneity of available studies, clearly combining behavior-based programs with community-based prevention to counteract an ‘obesogenic environment' is crucial for sustainable success of future obesity prevention programs.

Pemanfaatan sekolah sebagai sarana pencegahan obesitas sejak dini pada remaja

“…Kegiatan-kegiatan yang mendukung perubahan perilaku (seperti penyuluhan pola makan yang baik dan aktivitas yang cukup) harus didukung oleh perbaikan lingkungan sekolah yang mendukung gaya hidup sehat (seperti kantin yang bergizi, sarana siswa untuk beraktivitas, dan fasilitas air minum). 15,16 Weihrauch-Blüher dkk. 16 menyebutkan bahwa untuk mencapai target yang diharapkan, dua komponen penting dalam pencegahan yaitu perbaikan pola makan dan peningkatan aktivitas fisik harus berjalan bersamaan.…”

“…15,16 Weihrauch-Blüher dkk. 16 menyebutkan bahwa untuk mencapai target yang diharapkan, dua komponen penting dalam pencegahan yaitu perbaikan pola makan dan peningkatan aktivitas fisik harus berjalan bersamaan. Selain itu, faktor yang berada di luar lingkungan sekolah seperti peran aktif orang tua menjadi komponen penting dalam keberhasilan program pencegahan obesitas di sekolah.…”

“…Skema pencegahan obesitas berbasis program di sekolah. Diadaptasi dari Current Guidelines for ObesityPrevention in Childhood and Adolescence oleh Weihrauch-Blüher et al16 baru yang lebih efektif dan efisien dalam upaya peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai gizi dan pola makan yang seimbang serta perbaikan perilaku menjadi penting untuk dilakukan. Dalam beberapa…”

Demographic Characteristics and Body Mass Index in Obese Adolescents

“…Preventing obesity is currently a step that is widely promoted in the community, especially among adolescents. The younger the age of the child, the greater the influence of obesity prevention programmes on BMI (Weihrauch-Blüher et al, 2018). Preventing obesity begins with early detection of the risk of obesity in a child and adolescent (Alasmari, Al-Shehri, Aljuaid, Alzaidi, & Alswat, 2017).…”

Prevention of Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence

“…The articles deal with prevention programs in early childhood (Kindergarten) [1], prevention programs in schools [2], and public health measures [3]. A comprehensive summary of the recent literature in regard to mechanisms and topics of implementation models [4] completes this overview on current developments in the field of obesity prevention in childhood and adolescence.…”