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Introduction Obesity is a global health problem with growing prevalence in developing countries. Obesity causes chronic inflammation due to imbalances between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This causes metabolic complications such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorder. Carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) is a predictor of atherosclerosis which could be measured easily and non-invasively. Early detection of cardiovascular diseases in obese adolescents at risk is hoped to improve outcomes. Methods This is a cross-sectional study on obese adolescents aged 13-16 year old at Pediatric Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Obesity is defined as Body mass index higher than 95 th percentiles according to CDC (2000). Dyslipidemia is diagnosed when either an increase in cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride or a decrease in HDL level is found, as recommended by NCPE and American Academy of Pediatrics. Hypertension is defined as an increase of blood pressure > P95 according to age and gender. The differences of CIMT based on dyslipidemia, hypertension, and gender were analyzed with Wilcoxon Mann Whitney with significant p value (p < 0,005). Results This study included 59 obese adolescents, consisting of 32 (54.2%) male adolescents and 35 (59.3%) female adolescents. Dyslipidemia was found on 38 (64.4%) adolescents and hypertension was found on 35 (59.3%) adolescents. No difference of CIMT was found between obese adolescents with and without dyslipidemia and with and without hypertension based on gender (p > 0.05). Conclusion No difference of CIMT based on gender between adolescents aged below 18. The high number of dyslipidemia and hypertension in obese adolescents need an early detection of cardiovascular complication.

Background:The prevalence of adolescent obesity is increasing in Indonesia. Obesity can reduce the quality of life, especially as most obese adolescents remain obese after they become adult. In obese adolescents, the higher their IMT (intima-media thickness), the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation of demographic characteristics with BMI (body mass index) in adolescents with obesity. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study on adolescents with obesity conducted in the Paediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Clinic of Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The data on demographic characteristics, such as gender, number of siblings, paternal education, maternal education, and maternal occupation, were collected using the interview method. Data on anthropometry were collected to calculate BMI. Obesity is established if it is higher than the 95 th percentile, based on CDC percentile of BMI, according to age and sex. Data were analysed using multiple regression. Results: A total of 59 obese adolescents, between 13 and 16 years old, were involved. As many as 49.20% of respondents had one sibling. As many as 52.50% of respondents had a father with a high school education and 44.10% of respondents had mothers with a high school education; 61% of respondents had working mothers. There was no correlation between BMI and demographic characteristics (p> 0.05), except for number of siblings (p = 0.02). Conclusion: In this study, the number of siblings was correlated with BMI. A study with a greater number of obese adolescents and with adolescents who have normal nutritional status is needed to fully assess the influence of demographic characteristics on BMI in obese adolescents.

Shorter sleep duration is a risk factor for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Previous studies conducted on diff erent races showed inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diff erences in sleep duration in obese adolescents who suff er from metabolic syndrome compared with obese adolescents who do not suff er from metabolic syndrome. A cross sectional study was carried out on 59 obese adolescents who visited the Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Subjects were selected using total sampling techniques who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in August-November 2018. Anthropometry (weight, height and waist circumference), blood pressure, and blood tests (HDL cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose levels) were held to determine obesity according to CDC 2000 and metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation. The diff erence in sleep duration in obese adolescents suff ering from metabolic syndrome and without metabolic syndrome analyzed using Chi square test. A total of 27 subjects (45.8%) suff ered from metabolic syndrome. Most obese adolescents (57,6%) have suffi cient sleep duration (≥ 8 hours/day). There was no sleep duration diff erences in obese adolescents suff ering and not suff ering from metabolic syndrome (p> 0.05).

Introduction: Obesity in adolescents can cause metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, which then increases the risk of premature death. Studies about anthropometric measurements and adiponectin levels as early markers of insulin resistance in obese adolescents are still limited. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 59 obese adolescents aged 13-16 years. Obesity was established on the basis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) curve (2000). Insulin and blood glucose level measurements were carried out using an enzymatic kit. Adiponectin levels were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationships between variables were evaluated by correlation analysis using SPSS. Results: Statistical tests showed a positive correlation between waist circumference (r=0.421; p=0.001) and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (r=0.396; p=0.002). Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) had a weak positive correlation with insulin (r=0.343; p=0.008 and r=0.311; p=0.017) and HOMA-IR (r=0.306; p=0.018). There was a weak negative correlation between adiponectin and insulin in obese adolescents (r=-0.278; p=0.033). Conclusion: Anthropometric measurements (waist circumference, WHR and WHtR) and adiponectin can be used for early detection of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in obese adolescents.

Obesity is related to chronic inflammation. Various anthropometric measurements have been shown to be associated with complications of obesity. Identification of the most accurate anthropometric measurement correlated with inflammation could lead to early interventions. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between anthropometric measurements and inflammatory biomarkers in obese adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed on obese adolescents at the Pediatric Nutrition Clinic of Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The inflammatory markers High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) were measured using ELISA. Anthropometric measurements including BMI (kg/m 2 ), waist circumference (cm), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using a correlation test with significance set at p<0.05. In total, 59 adolescents aged 13-16 years were included. The mean BMI was 31.99 (26.6-41.13) kg/m 2 and the mean waist circumference was 100.18 (75-122) cm. There was no correlation between TNF-α and BMI (r=-0.094; p=0.479), waist circumference (r=-0.041; p=0.757), or WHR (r=0.041; p=0.759). There was also no correlation between hsCRP and BMI (r=0.184; p=0.162) or WHR (r=0.146; p=0.274). However, hsCRP had a weak positive correlation with waist circumference (r=0.315; p=0.015). Waist circumference could serve as an indicator of a systemic inflammatory state in adolescents with obesity.

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Appropriate feeding practices are critical for gaining and maintaining nutrition and development in children. Previous study in feeding practices indicated that inappropriateness in feeding practices had consequences in children’s growth and development. This study aimed to determine corelation between parents strategy to attract children to eat and feeding duration to weight for age z-score in children. This was a simple random sampling, cross-sectional study and held on April to June 2016 in Dr. Soetomo Hospital and Husada Utama Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Subjects in this study were children from 6 to 24 months. Feeding practice determined by interview with children’s parents which consisted parent’s strategy to attract children to eat, feeding duration, and then children were measured weight for age z-score using WHO chart. Statistical analysis used Spearman correlation test. Thirty children were enrolled, 50% were male, with median age 16.5 months (6-24 months). Parents strategy to attract children to eat (53.3% talking, 30% playing and 16.7% watching television) had correlated signifi cantly with weight for age (r= 0.35, p= 0.028). Meanwhile, 56.7% children with feeding duration more than 30 minutes and 43.3% children with time feeding duration less than 30 minutes. Feeding duration had no correlation with weight for age in children (r=-0.32, p=0.43). We conclude from this study that parents strategy to attract children to eat had signifi cant correlation to weight for age but feeding duration had no correlation with weight for age. This study implied that strategy to attract children to eat is necessity in children physical development. Meanwhile, feeding duration has no signifi cant implication. We recommended children must be persuaded as part of parents strategy in order to attract them to eat.