Effect of anhydrous ethanol/gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of spark-ignited non-road engines

Abstract

Ethanol is a renewable fuel and it is considered an alternative to gasoline in Otto-cycle engines. The present study evaluated the behavior of exhaustion gas carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbons (THC) according to the levels of anhydrous ethyl alcohol (AEA) added to gasoline in different proportions (E0, E10, E20, E27, that is, pure gasoline and its blends with AEA at 10, 20, and 27% v/v) in the use of non-road single cylinder engines of different powers (13 and 6.5 hp), to the loads applied to engine-generators and the air-fuel ratio (A/F) admitted to the engine cylinders. Also, the performance of engine-generators was verified in terms of mass, specific and energetic consumption and efficiency of the evaluated systems for the same blends and loads. The results showed that an increase in the AEA content in the blend resulted in significant drops in CO and THC concentrations for both engine-generators, while fuel consumption showed a slight upward trend; the increases in applied loads resulted in an increase in CO and THC concentrations and fuel consumption. In general, a higher AEA content (oxygenated) in the blends had a greater effect on gaseous emissions compared to the effect on consumption and system efficiency.

Experimental Assessment of the Performance and Emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine Using Waste-Derived Biofuels as Additives

“…However, the analyser measured volume concentrations of the emissions (e conc v, i ) in ppm or %. Therefore, Equation ( 16) above can be rewritten as: (18) where: e conc v, i is the volume concentration (ppm or percentage, divided by a correction factor: ppm × 10 −6 and vol % × 10 −2 ) of pollutant i; M e conc, i is the molecular mass of emission concentration i (g/mol); M tot exh e conc is the total molecular masses of exhaust emission concentration (g/mol); ρ e conc,i is the density of emission gas i (kg/m 3 ); ρ tot exh e conc is the total density of the exhaust emission concentration (kg/m 3 ); and ṁexh is the exhaust gas emission mass flow rate (g/h).…”

“…Ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) is a pure substance, so it has a single boiling temperature. The mixing of ethanol and gasoline (a hydrocarbon) results in an azeotropic effect in which the volatility or vapour pressure of the mixture is greater than the vapour pressure of the constituent components [14][15][16][17][18].…”

An Assessment on Ethanol-Blended Gasoline/Diesel Fuels on Cancer Risk and Mortality

“…Air pollution, containing harmful or poisonous substances, is a worldwide threat to human health, even at low doses. A major source of air pollution in urban areas is the combustion of diesel and gasoline fuels emitting >75% of atmospheric pollutants [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. A considerable and growing literature demonstrates that human exposure to transportation-related pollutants causes many cancerous and noncancerous diseases, such as cardiopulmonary aberrations, reproductive dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, leukemia and lung cancer [ 2 ], thus increasing mortality and morbidity rates.…”

Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption

“…Among the innovative applications in these drive units, electronic fuel supply systems can be included [29][30][31], as the liberal regulations concerning exhaust emissions, e.g., in the European Union (Regulation 2016/1628/EU), allow the use of carburetor power systems [28]. Other innovations relate to adaptive systems for operating conditions combined with systems regulating the supply of fuel-air mixture to the combustion chamber [32][33][34][35][36] or alternative fuels (e.g., liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)) [37][38][39][40][41][42][43], ethanol [44,45], methanol [46]). The authors noted the lack of articles describing the modernization of the design enabling the use of CNG fuel in small spark ignition (SI) engines.…”