Expression of both Arabidopsis γ-tubulin genes is essential for development of a functional syncytium induced by Heterodera schachtii

Różańska, Elżbieta; Czarnocka, Weronika; Baranowski, Łukasz; Mielecki, Jakub; Engler, Janice de Almeida; Sobczak, Mirosław

doi:10.1007/s00299-018-2312-7

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Some previous studies have mentioned degradation of the endodermis and the presence of periderm‐like tissue around syncytia (Golinowski et al ., ; Sobczak et al ., ; Radakovic et al ., ; Różańska et al ., ). To analyze this anatomical problem in more detail, we conducted serial sectioning of samples with nematode infection sites at 3, 5 and 10 dai (Figures and ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Root endodermal barrier system contributes to defence against plant‐parasitic cyst and root‐knot nematodes

et al. 2019

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Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause tremendous yield losses worldwide in almost all economically important crops. The agriculturally most important PPNs belong to a small group of root-infecting sedentary endoparasites that includes cyst and root-knot nematodes. Both cyst and root-knot nematodes induce specialized long-term feeding structures in root vasculature from which they obtain their nutrients. A specialized cell layer in roots called the endodermis, which has cell walls reinforced with suberin deposits and a lignin-based Casparian strip (CS), protects the vascular cylinder against abiotic and biotic threats. To date, the role of the endodermis, and especially of suberin and the CS, during plant-nematode interactions was largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the role of suberin and CS during interaction between Arabidopsis plants and two sedentary root-parasitic nematode species, the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. We found that nematode infection damages the endodermis leading to the activation of suberin biosynthesis genes at nematode infection sites. Although feeding sites induced by both cyst and root-knot nematodes are surrounded by endodermis during early stages of infection, the endodermis is degraded during later stages of feeding site development, indicating periderm formation or ectopic suberization of adjacent tissue. Chemical suberin analysis showed a characteristic suberin composition resembling peridermal suberin in nematode-infected tissue. Notably, infection assays using Arabidopsis lines with CS defects and impaired compensatory suberization, revealed that the CS and suberization impact nematode infectivity and feeding site size. Taken together, our work establishes the role of the endodermal barrier system in defence against a soil-borne pathogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Root endodermal barrier system contributes to defence against plant‐parasitic cyst and root‐knot nematodes

et al. 2019

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“…Uninfected roots and root segments containing 5 and 15 dpi syncytia were dissected and processed for microscopic examinations as described by Różańska et al [ 44 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis thaliana Myb59 Gene Is Involved in the Response to Heterodera schachtii Infestation, and Its Overexpression Disturbs Regular Development of Nematode-Induced Syncytia

Wiśniewska

Wojszko

Różańska

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Transcription factors are proteins that directly bind to regulatory sequences of genes to modulate and adjust plants’ responses to different stimuli including biotic and abiotic stresses. Sedentary plant parasitic nematodes, such as beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, have developed molecular tools to reprogram plant cell metabolism via the sophisticated manipulation of genes expression, to allow root invasion and the induction of a sequence of structural and physiological changes in plant tissues, leading to the formation of permanent feeding sites composed of modified plant cells (commonly called a syncytium). Here, we report on the AtMYB59 gene encoding putative MYB transcription factor that is downregulated in syncytia, as confirmed by RT-PCR and a promoter pMyb59::GUS activity assays. The constitutive overexpression of AtMYB59 led to the reduction in A. thaliana susceptibility, as indicated by decreased numbers of developed females, and to the disturbed development of nematode-induced syncytia. In contrast, mutant lines with a silenced expression of AtMYB59 were more susceptible to this parasite. The involvement of ABA in the modulation of AtMYB59 gene transcription appears feasible by several ABA-responsive cis regulatory elements, which were identified in silico in the gene promoter sequence, and experimental assays showed the induction of AtMYB59 transcription after ABA treatment. Based on these results, we suggest that AtMYB59 plays an important role in the successful parasitism of H. schachtii on A. thaliana roots.

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“…Because of this, aspects of H. schachtii's complex biology have been elucidated. [18][19][20][21][22][23] Towards contributing to unravel the mode of action of fluazaindolizine, we utilized the pathosystem H. schachtii-A. thaliana as a model system with the aim of obtaining comprehensive and very detailed information on the impact of fluazaindolizine on H. schachtii J2s and particularly at each step during interaction with the host plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal fluazaindolizine doses inhibit development of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii during sedentary parasitism

Matera

Grundler

Schleker

2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Fluazaindolizine is a new compound for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) with an unknown and novel mode-of-action. This compound is very effective against important PPNs. However, investigations elucidating the impact of sublethal fluazaindolizine doses on early nematode virulence and plant-nematode interaction parameters are lacking. RESULTS:The effect of direct exposure of Heterodera schachtii juveniles to 50 ppm fluazaindolizine was negligible. Infection assays revealed a 57% reduction in adult females at 1.25 ppm and a 46% reduction in offspring at 40 ppm when juveniles were soaked in the compound for 48 h and subsequently inoculated onto Arabidopsis thaliana. Pre-incubation of A. thaliana roots with fluazaindolizine was not effective against H. schachtii. Conversely, supplementing the plant growth medium with fluazaindolizine led to a significant reduction of adults (−35%), females (−75%) and female size at 1.25 ppm and nearly completely inhibited nematode parasitism at 5 ppm. The impact of fluazaindolizine on A. thaliana was dependent on plant age, compound concentration and duration of contact. Very low sublethal fluazaindolizine concentrations, 5 or 10 ppm, did not interfere with nematode mobility, host finding, penetration, and induction of the feeding site, but specifically inhibited sedentary nematode development inside the root in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Fluazaindolizine does not have direct toxicity against PPN infective juveniles, but has a clear effect on nematodes during sedentary development. The formation of females and the development of offspring are strongly reduced. It will be interesting to identify the underlying mechanism in the future.

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Expression of both Arabidopsis γ-tubulin genes is essential for development of a functional syncytium induced by Heterodera schachtii

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Root endodermal barrier system contributes to defence against plant‐parasitic cyst and root‐knot nematodes

Root endodermal barrier system contributes to defence against plant‐parasitic cyst and root‐knot nematodes

Arabidopsis thaliana Myb59 Gene Is Involved in the Response to Heterodera schachtii Infestation, and Its Overexpression Disturbs Regular Development of Nematode-Induced Syncytia

Sublethal fluazaindolizine doses inhibit development of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii during sedentary parasitism

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