Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of toxocariasis in school children from Aragua State, Venezuela

Martínez, Marcelino Álvarez; Montero, Jesica; Pineda, Adriana; Mijares, Víctor M.; Lares, María; Catalano, Emily; Ferrer, Elizabeth

doi:10.1093/trstmh/try051

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For HT, Gillespie et al [26] reported eosinophilia > 0.4 × 10 9 /l in 28 patients with VLM; of these, 19 scored positive in TES antigen detection using a sandwich ELISA with the monoclonal Ab Tcn-2. In addition, the association between seropositivity (by TES-Ab ELISA) and eosinophilia has been extensively documented [1,10,13,14,[29][30][31][32][33]. These data are in line with our findings.…”

Section: Active Ht Is Associated With Eosinophiliasupporting

confidence: 92%

Electrochemical detection of Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens in children from rural communities in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador: association between active infection and high eosinophilia

et al. 2020

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Background: The diagnosis of active Toxocara canis infections in humans is challenging. Larval stages of T. canis do not replicate in human tissues and disease may result from infection with a single T. canis larva. Recently, we developed a nanobody-based electrochemical magnetosensor assay with superior sensitivity to detect T. canis excretorysecretory (TES) antigens. Here, we evaluate the performance of the assay in children from an Ecuadorian birth cohort that followed children to five years of age. Methods: Samples were selected based on the presence of peripheral blood eosinophilia and relative eosinophil counts. The samples were analyzed by the nanobody-based electrochemical magnetosensor assay, which utilizes a bivalent biotinylated nanobody as capturing agent on the surface of streptavidin pre-coated paramagnetic beads. Detection was performed by a different nanobody chemically labelled with horseradish peroxidase. Results: Of 87 samples tested, 33 (38%) scored positive for TES antigen recognition by the electrochemical magnetosensor assay. The average concentration of TES antigen in serum was 2.1 ng/ml (SD = 1.1). The positive result in the electrochemical assay was associated with eosinophilia > 19% (P = 0.001). Parasitological data were available for 57 samples. There was no significant association between positivity by the electrochemical assay and the presence of other soil-transmitted helminth infections. Conclusions: Our nanobody-based electrochemical assay provides highly sensitive quantification of TES antigens in serum and has potential as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of active human toxocariasis.

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Section: Active Ht Is Associated With Eosinophiliasupporting

confidence: 92%

Electrochemical detection of Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens in children from rural communities in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador: association between active infection and high eosinophilia

et al. 2020

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“…Although in our study, the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in preschool children (1-6 years old) was higher than school children (7-13 years old), no significant difference was evident. Our results are similar to those of other studies that showed no significant association between seropositivity and age groups 9,40,41 . Martínez et al showed that younger children are considered an at-risk group for toxocariasis because this group has less hygiene and is more likely to play with dogs and soil 46 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…According to the present results, there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of blood eosinophilia and the seropositive rate of toxocariasis. In this study, the seroprevalence of Toxocara infection in males was higher than in females which is similar to the findings reported from previous studies in, Brazil 31 , Venezuela 40 , Marshall Islands 41 and Croatia 42 . However, it is in contrast with the studies reported from Mexico 43 , Peru 44 , and Brazil 45 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Survey on the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in Eosinophilic Children of Northwest Iran

Pourgholaminejad¹,

Razipour²,

Heydarian³

et al. 2022

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Toxocariasis is a serious zoonotic helminthic disease caused by the nematodes; Toxocara species. Aim: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in eosinophilic children referred to the pediatrics hospital of Qazvin province northwest Iran during 2019-2020. Methods: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from eosinophilic children referred to the Qods Pediatrics Hospital. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, and dogs- and soil-contact history were collected. The presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibody was evaluated by T. canis IgG ELISA kit. Results: Anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies were detected in 14 (7%) of the total eosinophilic children. The seropositive rate of toxocariasis in hyper-eosinophilic children (>1000/mm3) was 15.1%, while the seropositivity was 4.1% in children with eosinophilia status (500-999/mm3). There was a significant association between the eosinophilia rate and seropositivity (P<0.05). Also, seroprevalence in asymptomatic eosinophilic children was 4.4%, while in children with clinical symptoms it was 17.1%. Accordingly, a statistically significant difference was found between clinical symptoms and Toxocara infection (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of toxocariasis in eosinophilic children is a serious health problem in the study area. Therefore, serologic evaluation for the diagnosis of Toxocara infection is recommended for eosinophilic children. Keywords: Seroprevalence; Toxocariasis; anti-Toxocara antibody; Eosinophilia children; Qazvin; Iran.

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“…seropositivity was observed. Contact with dogs has been previously identified as a risk factor for toxocariasis [ 4 , 8 , 16 , 27 , 35 ], including in pregnant women [ 14 , 15 ]. A systematic review and meta-analysis of global Toxocara eggs in public places identified 21% (13,895/42,797) of studied areas such as parks, playgrounds, and schools to be potentially contaminated with Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey of anti-Toxocara antibodies and risk factors in adolescent and adult pregnant women of southeastern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Toxocariasis is worldwide endemic parasitic anthropozoonosis with high risk to those in in vulnerable populations and particularly during pregnancy and childhood. Although the prevalence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies has been extensively studied, risk factors of pregnant women of different ages remains to be established. This study was designed to i) assess the presence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in pregnant women that presented to the public health system in a city of southeastern Brazil, and ii) determine the risk factors for toxocariasis in adolescent and adult pregnant women. This cross-sectional study included 280 pregnant women (71 aged up to and including 17 years [adolescents] and 209 aged 18 years and older [adults]). Pregnant women voluntarily agreed to complete a socioeconomic questionnaire and provide serum samples. Anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies were screened by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to assess the risks for toxocariasis. Overall, 20.7% of pregnant women were seropositive (33.8% of adolescents and 16.3% of adults). Prevalence in pregnant adolescents was 2.6-fold higher than in adults (Odds ration [OR]: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.42–4.86, p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that contact with soil (p = 0.01; OR = 4.76) and being in the first trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.03; OR = 0.17) had significantly greater risk of toxocariasis for adolescents, and attainment of elementary through middle school education level (p = 0.05; OR = 8.33) was a risk factor in adult pregnant women. Toxocariasis is likely underreported and neglected in adolescent pregnant women; this age group should always be monitored for toxocariasis and correspondent clinical signs, particularly at late pregnancy.

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Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of toxocariasis in school children from Aragua State, Venezuela

Abstract: The identification of risk factors and their association with infection suggest that the infection is a problem in the municipalities studied, so screening for toxocariasis in school children should be recommended.

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Electrochemical detection of Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens in children from rural communities in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador: association between active infection and high eosinophilia

Electrochemical detection of Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens in children from rural communities in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador: association between active infection and high eosinophilia

A Survey on the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and related risk factors in Eosinophilic Children of Northwest Iran

Serosurvey of anti-Toxocara antibodies and risk factors in adolescent and adult pregnant women of southeastern Brazil

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