“…All Acrs characterized to date function by inhibiting either the CRISPR surveillance complexes or the effector nucleases (Bondy-Denomy et al, 2015;Pawluk et al, 2016bPawluk et al, , 2017Wang et al, 2016aWang et al, , 2016bChowdhury et al, 2017;Dong et al, 2017;Guo et al, 2017;Harrington et al, 2017;Hynes et al, 2017;Peng et al, 2017;Rauch et al, 2017;Shin et al, 2017;Yang and Patel, 2017;Hong et al, 2018). These acr genes were first identified in temperate Pseudomonas phages (Bondy-Denomy et al, 2013) and can rescue phage from CRISPR-mediated extinction (van Houte et al, 2016b).…”