Determination of sulfonamides in milk by capillary electrophoresis with PEG@MoS ₂ as a dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbent

Abstract

A synthetic polyethylene glycol-molybdenum disulfide (PEG@MoS2) composite was prepared using a simple method, and the application of this material in dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) was investigated for the enrichment of eight sulfonamides (SAs) in milk samples. The composite was characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements. The results showed that the MoS2 synthesized in the presence of PEG has the advantage of a larger surface area and that the adsorption effect of this MoS2 was enhanced. After extraction, the eight SAs were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis with a good linear relationship (R2 > 0.9902) in the range of 0.3–30 µg ml−1 and good precision (between 0.32% and 9.83%). Additionally, good recoveries (between 60.52% and 110.91%) were obtained for the SAs in the milk samples. The developed PEG@MoS2-based DSPE method could be applied for the enrichment of SAs in real milk samples.

Shining Light on Anion-Mixed Nanocatalysts for Efficient Water Electrolysis: Fundamentals, Progress, and Perspectives

“…Notably, owning to the controllable anion components and relative ratios, the anion-mixed compounds would be endowed with adjustable electronic structure, controllable intermediate adsorption/desorption energy, and tunable reaction pathway. Therefore, they are more feasible to further improve the intrinsic catalytic activity, durability, and stability than single-anion materials [ 34 , 53 , 54 ]. Specifically, anion mixing usually regulates the physicochemical properties of materials through the following four aspects, so as to further activate their electrocatalytic properties.…”

Recent Materials Developed for Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction

“…One such material is molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), a transition metal dichalcegonide forming two-dimensional sheets of sulfide atoms with molybdenum trapped between them. Reports describing the application of MoS 2 for sulfonamide determination in the dSPE procedure coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) [ 75 , 76 ] yielded somewhat disappointing results, showing low recovery accuracy and sensitivity ( Table 8 ). A composite of molybdenum disulfide and carbon dot (MoS 2 /CD) used to extract flame retardants [ 77 ] produced results much closer to data reported in referential studies and also substantially exceeded the performance of unmodified MoS 2 and CD.…”

A Two-Dimensional Affinity Capture and Separation Mini-Platform for the Isolation, Enrichment, and Quantification of Biomarkers and Its Potential Use for Liquid Biopsy

“…Promisingly, efforts to improve the analytical sensitivity of CE thus far have led to successful improvements in the limits of detection of substances found at low concentrations. Some of these methods include field-amplified sample stacking, large-volume sample stacking, pH-mediated sample stacking, on-column isotachophoresis, chromatographic preconcentration, sample stacking for micellar electrokinetic chromatography, sweeping, and derivation of analytes with fluorescent chromophores [ 25 , 47 , 54 , 55 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]. One technology in particular is the combination of solid-phase extraction methods, using affinity-based ligands, with CE.…”