Intensity‑dependent effect of treadmill running on rat Achilles tendon

Xu, Shao‐Yong; He, Yongbin; Deng, Songyun; Liu, Sheng‐Yao; Xu, Lei; Ni, Guo‐Xin

doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6084

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is also possible that syndecan-4 affects factors involved in post-transcriptional regulation of these proteins. Decorin is abundant in adult skeletal muscle and expressed during skeletal muscle differentiation ( Brandan and Gutierrez, 2013 ), and consistent with our mice mRNA data, reported to be upregulated in rats after moderate treadmill running ( Xu et al, 2018 ). Biglycan expression is reported highly upregulated during injury-induced regeneration, both in growing myotubes and in activated precursor cells, then the expression decreases again during maturation of muscle fibers ( Casar et al, 2004 ; Brandan and Gutierrez, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Syndecan-4–/– Mice Have Smaller Muscle Fibers, Increased Akt/mTOR/S6K1 and Notch/HES-1 Pathways, and Alterations in Extracellular Matrix Components

Rønning

Carlson

Aronsen

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Background: Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is essential for skeletal muscle development and adaption in response to environmental cues such as exercise and injury. The cell surface proteoglycan syndecan-4 has been reported to be essential for muscle differentiation, but few molecular mechanisms are known. Syndecan-4 −/− mice are unable to regenerate damaged muscle, and display deficient satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. A reduced myofiber basal lamina has also been reported in syndecan-4 −/− muscle, indicating possible defects in ECM production. To get a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, we have here investigated the effects of syndecan-4 genetic ablation on molecules involved in ECM remodeling and muscle growth, both under steady state conditions and in response to exercise. Methods: Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from sedentary and exercised syndecan-4 −/− and WT mice were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and western blotting. Results: Compared to WT, we found that syndecan-4 −/− mice had reduced body weight, reduced muscle weight, muscle fibers with a smaller cross-sectional area, and reduced expression of myogenic regulatory transcription factors. Sedentary syndecan-4 −/− had also increased mRNA levels of syndecan-2, decorin, collagens, fibromodulin, biglycan, and LOX. Some of these latter ECM components were reduced at protein level, suggesting them to be more susceptible to degradation or less efficiently translated when syndecan-4 is absent. At the protein level, TRPC7 was reduced, whereas activation of the Akt/mTOR/S6K1 and Notch/HES-1 pathways were increased. Finally,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Syndecan-4–/– Mice Have Smaller Muscle Fibers, Increased Akt/mTOR/S6K1 and Notch/HES-1 Pathways, and Alterations in Extracellular Matrix Components

Rønning

Carlson

Aronsen

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Among the contraction types, ECs induced muscle and tendon hypertrophy because of the extremely high mechanical stress generated in the muscle‐tendon tissue 29 . However, in the tendons of the EC‐dominant exercise group, Col1a1 mRNA was decreased, Tgfb1 was increased, and Col3a1 was predominant over Col1a1 , suggesting that the tendons were in a state similar to early tendinopathy 30 . Collagen synthesis reaches its peak at 24 h after intense exercise and degradation predominates within 24 h 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 However, in the tendons of the EC-dominant exercise group, Col1a1 mRNA was decreased, Tgfb1 was increased, and Col3a1 was predominant over Col1a1, suggesting that the tendons were in a state similar to early tendinopathy. 30 Collagen synthesis reaches its peak at 24 h after intense exercise and degradation predominates within 24 h. 31 As the tissue was collected immediately after exercise, collagen synthesis may not have been confirmed at the mRNA level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric contraction‐dominant exercise leads to molecular biological changes in enthesis and enthesopathy‐like morphological changes

Ozone

Minegishi

Takahata

et al. 2022

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Entheses, which are tendon-to-bone attachment sites in the musculoskeletal system, play important roles in optimizing the mechanical stress and force transmitted from the muscle to the bone. Sports-related enthesopathy shows pathological features, including hyperplasia of the fibrocartilage (FC) region in the enthesis. The amount of exercise and type of muscle contraction during movement is involved in the pathogenesis of sports-related enthesopathy; however, the details of this condition are unclear. Here we examined the molecular pathways involved in the morphological changes of the muscle-tendon-enthesis complex and enthesis FC region in the supraspinatus muscle enthesis of mice under different exercise conditions. Following intervention, morphological changes in the muscle-tendon-enthesis complex were initiated in the eccentric contraction-dominant exercise group at 2 weeks, with activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily pathway predicted by proteome and ingenuity pathway analyses. Histological and molecular biological analyses confirmed the activation of the TGFβ/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad pathway. The concentric contraction-dominant exercise group showed no change in the morphology of the muscle-tendon-enthesis complex or activation of the TGFβ/BMP-Smad pathway, despite overuse exercise. Statement of Clinical Significance: These results suggest that eccentric contraction-dominant exercise induces sports-related enthesopathy-like morphological changes in the early stages as well as molecular biological changes, mainly in the transforming growth factor-β superfamily pathway in enthesis.Statement of Clinical Significance: These results suggest that eccentric contractiondominant exercise induces sports-related enthesopathy-like morphological changes in the early stages as well as molecular biological changes, mainly in the transforming growth factor-β superfamily pathway in enthesis.

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“…Experimental animals and training protocols. The running protocol was conducted as previously described [17]. Brie y, all animals were rstly accustomed to 1 week's treadmill running at a speed of 10 meters per min(30 min per day, 5 days per week).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Running with Different Intensities on Lubricin Expression of Achilles Tendon in a Rat Model

Xu¹,

Song²,

Deng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Lubricin is well known to facilitate the movement of tendon fascicles gliding and recoil against the surrounding tissues in tendons. However, little is known about its response under various mechanical loading conditions. This study was aimed to understand the effect of treadmill running with different exercise intensities on the alternations of lubricin content in rat Achilles tendon.Methods: In this study, eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups, strenuous treadmill running (STR), moderate treadmill running (MTR), and control (CON). Rats in two running groups were subjected to treadmill running (8 weeks) protocol. Histological observation and biochemical analysis were conducted using the collected Achilles tendons.Results: After 8 weeks, the morphologies of collagen fibers are relatively parallel, crimping and elastic in the CON and MTR groups, but more ruptured in the STR group. The cell density in Achilles tendon sections markedly increased in MTR group than CON group, whereas considerably decreased in STR group than CON or MTR group. Additionally, compared to the CON group, the content of lubricin was dramatically increased in MTR group. However, the lubricin content in STR group was markedly decreased compared with that in CON or MTR group. Moreover, the TGF-β1 expression was upregulated in MTR group in contrast to CON group, while significantly downregulated in STR group than that in CON or MTR group. Conversely, the expression of IL-1 was statistically downregulated in MTR group compared with CON group, but statistically upregulated in STR group than that in CON or MTR group. Conclusions: These results suggest that moderate treadmill running might induce the increase of lubricin by the up-regulation of TGF-β1 expression to improved lubrication, and enhance the loading transmission efficiency. Whereas, strenuous treadmill running could result in the decrease of lubricin as a result of the dramatically increased expression of IL-1 to enhance interfascicular tribology, and predispose to tendinopathy even tendon rupture.

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Intensity‑dependent effect of treadmill running on rat Achilles tendon

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Syndecan-4–/– Mice Have Smaller Muscle Fibers, Increased Akt/mTOR/S6K1 and Notch/HES-1 Pathways, and Alterations in Extracellular Matrix Components

Syndecan-4–/– Mice Have Smaller Muscle Fibers, Increased Akt/mTOR/S6K1 and Notch/HES-1 Pathways, and Alterations in Extracellular Matrix Components

Eccentric contraction‐dominant exercise leads to molecular biological changes in enthesis and enthesopathy‐like morphological changes

Effect of Running with Different Intensities on Lubricin Expression of Achilles Tendon in a Rat Model

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