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Both bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) are good sources for tissue engineering. To maximize therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, an appropriate source of MSCs should be selected according to their own inherent characteristics for future clinical application. Hence, this study was conducted to compare proliferative, differential and antiapoptosis abilities of both MSCs derived from exercised and sedentary rats under normal and hypoxia/serum deprivation conditions (H/SD). Our results showed that exercise may enhance proliferative ability and decrease adipogenic ability of BMSCs and ADSCs. However, positive effect of exercise on osteogenesis was only observed for BMSCs in either environment. Little effect was observed on the antiapoptotic ability of both MSC types. It was also suggested that biological characteristics of both types were partly changed. It is therefore believed that BMSCs derived from exercised rat on early passage may be a good cell source for bone tissue engineering.

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Over the past month, a new AI model called Chatbot Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), has received enormous attention in the media and scientific communities due to its ability to process and respond to commands in a humanistic fashion. As reported, five days after its launch, the number of registered users of ChatGPT exceeded one million, and its monthly active users had exceeded 100 million two months later, making it the most rapidly growing consumer application in history. The advent of ChatGPT has further brought about new ideas and challenges in the realm of infectious disease. In view of this, in order to evaluate the potential use of ChatGPT in clinical practice and scientific research of infectious disease, we conducted a brief online survey by using the publicly available ChatGPT webpage. Also, the present study also talks about the relevant social and ethical issues related to this program. Graphical Abstract

Introduction. The effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on the behaviors of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) subjected to mechanical stretch remain unclear. This study was therefore aimed at establishing the dose-response effect of EPO stimulation on rat BMSCs and investigating the effects of mechanical stretch combined with EPO on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Material and Methods. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs were examined and compared using EPO with different concentrations. Thereafter, BMSCs were subjected to 10% elongation using a Flexcell strain unit, combined with 20 IU/ml EPO. The proliferation of BMSCs was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, and cell cycle assay; meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of Ets-1, C-myc, Ccnd1, and C-fos were detected by reverse transcription and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and the mRNA expression levels of ALP, OCN, COL, and Runx2 were detected by qPCR. The role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the osteogenesis of BMSCs stimulated by mechanical stretch combined with 20 IU/ml EPO was examined by Western blot. Results. Our results showed that effects of EPO on BMSCs included a dose-response relationship, with the 20 IU/ml EPO yielding the largest. Mechanical stretch combined with 20 IU/ml EPO promoted proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The increase in ALP, mineral deposition, and osteoblastic genes induced by the mechanical stretch–EPO combination was inhibited by U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor. Conclusion. EPO was able to promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and these effects were enhanced when combined with mechanical stretch. The underlying mechanism may be related to the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

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