Randomized controlled trial of SecondStory, an intervention targeting posttraumatic growth, with bereaved adults.

Roepke, Ann Marie; Tsukayama, Eli; Forgeard, Marie; Blackie, Laura E. R.; Jayawickreme, Eranda

doi:10.1037/ccp0000307

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…To date, much of the research on interventions for trauma resilience has focused on adverse events that happened in the past, such as adverse childhood events, sexual assault, or wartime combat. Those studies primarily focus on the role of positive rumination about past experiences, which can lead to meaning-making and post-traumatic growth [ 35 ]. On the other hand, our findings offer insight into the impact of expressive writing on resilience during an ongoing trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of an online expressive writing intervention for COVID-19 resilience

Bechard

Evans

Cho

et al. 2021

Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice

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Background & purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted mental health in the general population. In this trial, our objective was to assess whether a 6-week expressive writing intervention improves resilience in a sample from the general population in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials & methods This 6-week trial was conducted online. Eligible participants (n=63) were a sample of adults who self-identified as having been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary outcome Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Secondary outcomes Perceived Stress Scale – 10-Item (PSS-10); Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale – Revised (CESD-R); Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Results Resilience measures (CD-RISC) increased from baseline (66.6 ± 14.9) to immediately post-intervention (73.0 ± 12.4; p=0.014; Cohen’s d =0.31), and at a 1- month follow-up (72.9 ± 13.6; p=0.024; Cohen’s d =0.28). Across the same timepoints, perceived stress scores (PSS-10) decreased from baseline (21.8 ± 6.6) to immediately post-intervention (18.3 ± 7.0; p=0.008; Cohen’s d =0.41), and at the 1- month follow-up to (16.8 ± 6.7; p=0.0002; Cohen’s d =0.56). Depression symptoms (CESD-R) decreased from baseline (23.3 ± 15.3) at 6 weeks (17.8 ± 15.4; p=0.058; Cohen’s d =0.22), and 10 weeks (15.5 ± 12.7; p=0.004; Cohen’s d =0.38). Posttraumatic growth (PTGI) increased from baseline (41.7 ± 23.4) at 6 weeks (55.8 ± 26.4; p=0.004; Cohen’s d =0.44), and at the 1-month follow-up (55.9 ± 29.3; p=0.008; Cohen’s d =0.49). Conclusion An online expressive writing intervention was effective at improving resilience in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. NCT# NCT04589104

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of an online expressive writing intervention for COVID-19 resilience

Bechard

Evans

Cho

et al. 2021

Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice

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“…So far, the available data has not supported this view, although more longitudinal research is needed. For example, in an 8-week randomized control trial using an intervention called SecondStory, transformational processing was associated with decreased depressive symptomology but had no effect on posttraumatic growth (Roepke et al, 2018; see also Webster et al, 2018).…”

Section: Affective Behavioral and Cognitive Processes That Support Pe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing a Three-Tier Personality Framework for Posttraumatic Growth

2021

Self Cite

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Adversity has been assumed to foster positive personality change under certain conditions. In this article, we examine this assumption within the context of the three-tier personality framework integrating traits, characteristic adaptations, and narrative identity to provide a comprehensive understanding of personality growth. We first review findings on how adverse events affect personality on each of these three levels. Second, we summarize knowledge on event-based and person-based predictors of personality change in the face of adversity. Third, we specify affective, behavioral, and cognitive processes that explain personality change across levels of personality. Innovatively, our proposed process model addresses change at all three levels of personality, as well as similarities and differences in processes across the levels. We conclude by discussing unresolved issues, asking critical questions, and posing challenging hypotheses for testing this framework.

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“…The model includes three constructs that are potentially modifiable through intervention (posttraumatic growth, social support, and physical activity). Posttraumatic growth enhancement is an intervention that aims to facilitate posttraumatic growth by helping individuals make meaning of the past and plan a purposeful future (Roepke et al, 2018). A systematic review of studies investigating moderators of the relationship between social support and symptoms of PTSD concluded that social support interventions may have a meaningful impact on PTSD severity (Zalta et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on the psychological distress, positivity, and well-being of Australian police officers.

Harnett¹,

Kelly²,

Gullo

2023

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Objective: Police officers experience many traumatic events over the course of their career, often resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated psychological distress. Studies have investigated the efficacy of interventions aimed at reducing symptoms of PTSD experienced by police officers, but lacking are studies investigating the impact of PTSD on positivity, a construct we define as a latent variable estimated using self-report measures of optimism, gratitude, self-compassion, and mindfulness. The present study carried out a path analysis of a model testing the hypothesis that PTSD would be associated with increased psychological distress and decreased positivity, both of which influence well-being. The model also evaluated associations between constructs that could be modified through interventions to increase well-being-associations between posttraumatic growth, social support, physical activity and psychological distress, positivity, and wellbeing. Method: Police officers (n = 506) completed an online survey that included self-report measures of the constructs included in the model being tested. Results: The model tested produced fit indices of root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .089; comparative fit index (CFI) = .960; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = .93; standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = .041 and R 2 = .79. Results found that neither PTSD or psychological distress had a direct effect on well-being. Psychological distress indirectly influenced well-being by lowering levels of positivity, while positivity was associated with higher scores on the measure of well-being. Conclusions: The implication of the results is that interventions aimed at enhancing positivity could be expected to improve well-being in police officers and offering traditional therapies together with positivity enhancing therapies may have additional benefits over either alone. Clinical Impact StatementPolice officers confronted with traumatic incidents experience psychological distress. Traditional psychological therapies aim to help people manage this psychological distress. We found higher levels of optimism, self-compassion, gratitude, and mindfulness were related to well-being in a group of police officers reporting posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The implication is that newly developed therapeutic techniques developed within the field of positive psychology may have the potential to enhance on overall sense of well-being over and above traditional therapies that aim to reduce the psychological distress associated with PTSD.

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Randomized controlled trial of SecondStory, an intervention targeting posttraumatic growth, with bereaved adults.

Abstract: These findings suggest that SecondStory may not facilitate PTG more effectively than existing interventions but may be promising for addressing depression. Positive interventions may productively be refined to support people experiencing trauma and loss. (PsycINFO Database Record

Cited by 15 publications

References 82 publications

Feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of an online expressive writing intervention for COVID-19 resilience

Feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of an online expressive writing intervention for COVID-19 resilience

Advancing a Three-Tier Personality Framework for Posttraumatic Growth

The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on the psychological distress, positivity, and well-being of Australian police officers.

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