Influenza D Virus Infection in Feral Swine Populations, United States

Ferguson, Lucas; Luo, Kaijian; Olivier, Alicia K.; Cunningham, Fred L.; Blackmon, Sherry; Hanson‐Dorr, Katie C.; Sun, Hailiang; Baroch, John A.; Lutman, Mark W.; Quade, Bianca N.; Epperson, William B.; Webby, Richard J.; DeLiberto, Thomas J.; Wan, Xiu‐Feng

doi:10.3201/eid2406.172102

Cited by 52 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[8,27] Proximity to cattle market In wildlife, IDV has been detected only in feral swine but because of the wide range of hosts susceptible to infection, wild ruminants and other species from wildlife could play a role in transmission. [5] Proximity to water Water areas can represent focus points where cattle from different farms can have close contact between each other and with wildlife, extensive breeding being the main breeding system for cattle and small ruminants in Togo.…”

Section: Risk Factor Explanation Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2011, influenza D virus (IDV) was detected for the first time in pigs with influenza-like illness in the United States [1]. Since then, several studies have shown presence of the virus or anti-IDV antibodies in other species, including cattle, small ruminants, camelids, horses, and feral-swine [2][3][4][5]. The distribution of IDV is very wide since the virus has already been detected in America [6][7][8][9], Europe [10][11][12][13], Asia [14,15], and Africa [2], although the circulation of IDV in these continents, particularly Africa, is poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Mapping of Influenza D Virus Occurrence in Ruminants and Swine in Togo Using a Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach

Fusade-Boyer

Pato

Komlan

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Influenza D virus (IDV) has been identified in several continents, with serological evidence for the virus in Africa. In order to improve the sensitivity and cost–benefit of IDV surveillance in Togo, risk maps were drawn using a spatial multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and experts’ opinion to evaluate the relevance of sampling areas used so far. Areas at highest risk of IDV occurrence were the main cattle markets. The maps were evaluated with previous field surveillance data collected in Togo between 2017 and 2019: 1216 sera from cattle, small ruminants, and swine were screened for antibodies to IDV by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. While further samples collections are needed to validate the maps, the risk maps resulting from the spatial MCDA approach generated here highlight several priority areas for IDV circulation assessment.

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Section: Risk Factor Explanation Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Mapping of Influenza D Virus Occurrence in Ruminants and Swine in Togo Using a Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach

Fusade-Boyer

Pato

Komlan

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Further epidemiological studies revealed that IDVs circulate in cattle in many countries including the USA (2–4), Mexico (5), China (6), Japan (7, 8), France (9), Italy (10), Ireland (11), Luxembourg (12), and African countries (13). Furthermore, serological studies showed that IDV antibodies are found in pigs (14), sheep (15, 16), goats (15, 16), dromedary camels (13, 17), horses (18), and humans (19). These findings imply that IDVs are globally distributed in several animal hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a Reverse Genetics System for Influenza D Virus

Ishida

Murakami

Kamiki

et al. 2019

Preprint

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250 words 15 Text 4,170 words 16 2 ABSTRACT Influenza D virus (IDV) was initially isolated in the USA in 2011. IDV is 17distributed worldwide and is one of the causative agents of bovine respiratory disease 18 complex (BRDC), which exhibits high morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. 19 Molecular mechanisms of IDV pathogenicity are still unknown. Reverse genetics 20 systems are vital tools not only for studying the biology of viruses, but also for use in 21 applications such as recombinant vaccine viruses. Here, we report the establishment of a 22 plasmid-based reverse genetics system for IDV. We first verified that the 3′-terminal 23 nucleotide of each 7-segmented genomic RNA contained uracil in contrary to the 24 previous report, and were then able to successfully generate recombinant IDV by 25 co-transfecting 7 plasmids containing these genomic RNAs along with 4 plasmids 26 expressing polymerase proteins and NP into HRT-18G cells. The recombinant virus had 27 a growth deficit compared to the wild-type virus, and we determined the reason for this 28 growth difference by examining the genomic RNA content of the viral particles. We 29 found that recombinant virus incorporated an unbalanced ratio of viral RNA segments 30 into particles as compared to the wild-type virus, and thus we adjusted the amount of 31 each plasmid used in transfection to obtain recombinant virus with the same replicative 32 capacity as wild-type virus. Our work here in establishing a reverse genetics system for 33 IDV will have a broad range of applications, including uses in studies focused on better 34 understanding IDV replication and pathogenicity as well as those contributing to the 35 development of BRDC countermeasures. 36 37 IMPORTANCE Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) exhibits high mortality 38 and morbidity in cattle, causing economic losses worldwide. Influenza D virus (IDV) is 39 considered to be a causative agent of BRDC. Here, we developed a reverse genetics 40 3 system that allows for the generation of IDV from cloned cDNAs, and the introduction 41 of mutations into the IDV genome. This reverse genetics system will become a 42 powerful tool for use in studies related to understanding the molecular mechanisms of 43 viral replication and pathogenicity, and will also lead to the development of new 44 countermeasures against BRDC. 45 46 KEYWORD bovine respiratory disease complex, influenza D virus, mutant, 47 recombinant virus, reverse genetics, transfection 48 49 50 Influenza D virus (IDV), a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae, was first isolated 52 from pigs with respiratory illness in Oklahoma, USA, in 2011 (1, 2). Epidemiological 53 analyses revealed that cattle are the main host of the virus, due to their high 54 seroprevalence for IDV (2, 3). Further epidemiological studies revealed that IDVs 55 circulate in cattle in many countries including the USA (2-4), Mexico (5), China (6), 56 Japan (7, 8), France (9), Italy (10), Ireland (11), Luxembourg (12), and African 57 countries (13). Furthermore, serolo...

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“…On the contrary, ELISA identified IAV antibodies in 182 feral swine samples while the serological subtyping identified H3N2 virus antibodies in 76 feral swine samples collected from 19 states which indicated a significant past exposure of US feral swine to the H3N2 virus [294]. Further, seroprevalence of IDV was reported in 49 feral swine samples collected from Oklahoma, Texas, Hawaii and North Carolina during October 2012-September 2013 which provided the first evidence of past IDV infections in US feral swine [295].…”

Section: United Statesmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide

Chauhan

Gordon

2020

Pathogens

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The global anxiety and a significant threat to public health due to the current COVID-19 pandemic reiterate the need for active surveillance for the zoonotic virus diseases of pandemic potential. Influenza virus due to its wide host range and zoonotic potential poses such a significant threat to public health. Swine serve as a "mixing vessel" for influenza virus reassortment and evolution which as a result may facilitate the emergence of new strains or subtypes of zoonotic potential. In this context, the currently available scientific data hold a high significance to unravel influenza virus epidemiology and evolution. With this objective, the current systematic review summarizes the original research articles and case reports of all the four types of influenza viruses reported in swine populations worldwide. A total of 281 articles were found eligible through screening of PubMed and Google Scholar databases and hence were included in this systematic review. The highest number of research articles (n = 107) were reported from Asia, followed by Americas (n = 97), Europe (n = 55), Africa (n = 18),

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Influenza D Virus Infection in Feral Swine Populations, United States

Cited by 52 publications

References 29 publications

Risk Mapping of Influenza D Virus Occurrence in Ruminants and Swine in Togo Using a Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach

Risk Mapping of Influenza D Virus Occurrence in Ruminants and Swine in Togo Using a Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach

Establishment of a Reverse Genetics System for Influenza D Virus

A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide

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